Table 2.

Association of household wage loss with depressive symptoms over time.

	Model 1			Model 2			Model 3
	Estimate	CI	P-value	Estimate	CI	P-value	Estimate	CI	P-value
Wage loss	0.04	0.01–0.07	0.014	0.04	0.01–0.07	0.018	−0.01	−0.05 to 0.03	0.633
Pre-COVID-19 household income	−0.03	−0.05 to 0.00	0.068	−0.01	−0.03 to 0.02	0.694	−0.001	−0.03 to 0.03	0.921
Pre-COVID-19 parent education	0.02	−0.01 to 0.05	0.206	0.04	0.01–0.06	0.008	0.04	0.01–0.07	0.003
Pre-COVID-19 psychopathology				0.27	0.25–0.29	<0.001	0.22	0.20–0.24	<0.001
Family conflict							0.06	0.04–0.07	<0.001
Parental monitoring							−0.12	−0.14 to −0.10	<0.001
Weekly screen time							0.03	0.01–0.05	<0.001
Daily routines							−0.02	−0.04 to −0.00	0.022
Exercise/outside play							−0.07	−0.09 to −0.05	<0.001
COVID-19 infection (child)							−0.44	−0.94 to 0.05	0.079
School closure							−0.03	−0.13 to 0.08	0.632
Family social isolation							0.02	0.00–0.05	0.031
Child separation from someone important due to pandemic							0.19	0.15–0.23	<0.001

Three linear mixed-effects models were run to disentangle the role of household wage loss (independent variable) from confounding factors in association with depressive symptoms (dependent variable).

Model 1 co-varies for age, sex, race (Black, White, other), Hispanic ethnicity, pre-pandemic household income, pre-pandemic parental education and assessment time-point.

Model 2 builds on Model 1 by adding pre-pandemic psychopathology.

Model 3 builds on Model 2 by adding pandemic-specific and non-pandemic-specific environmental risk and protective factors.

Abbreviation: CI = confidence interval.