Study recruitment diagram. The numbers of scans are shown in parentheses. Three patients could not be analysed for technical reasons, leading to a final subset of 499 patients and 838 scans. Abbreviations: NUH, Nottingham University Hospital; RBH, The Royal Brompton Hospital; RMH, The Royal Marsden Hospital; UCLH, University College London Hospitals; LIDC, Lung-image database consortium; RG, Non-small cell lung cancer Radiogenomics study.