Radiologist Performance Benchmarking (n = 252). a) Malignancy-prediction ROC curves for the three radiologists in the test set. The AUCs were: R1: 0.75 (95% CI 0.70–0.81), R2: 0.74 (95% CI 0.67–0.79) and R3: 0.77 (95% CI 0.71–0.82). b) Malignancy prediction performance metrics for the radiologist with the median AUC (R1) after selecting the optimum cut-point to maximise the Youden index (4 – Probably malignant). The radiologist achieved an accuracy of 65% (95% CI 59–71%). Abbreviations: AUC, Area under the curve; PPV, Positive predictive value; NPV, Negative predictive value; CI, Confidence interval.