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. 2022 Nov 15;26:354. doi: 10.1186/s13054-022-04187-7

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© The Author(s) 2022

Open AccessThis article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated in a credit line to the data.

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Fig. 2 — Survival curves for the five COVID-19 outbreaks to date. A Survival curve of patients receiving mechanical ventilation, showing gradual improvement in survival from the first outbreak to the fifth outbreak. In the post hoc analysis, there was a significant difference between the first and fourth outbreaks (p = 0.033) and between the third and fourth outbreaks (p = 0.001). There was also a significant difference between the fifth outbreak and all other outbreaks (all p < 0.001). B Survival curve of patients receiving ECMO, showing that the survival rate remained nearly the same from the first outbreak to the fifth outbreak. COVID-19, coronavirus disease 2019; ECMO, extracorporeal membrane oxygenation