Fig. 5.

The benefits of R-Y FMT were correlated with gut microbiota. (A) Heatmap of fecal SCFA concentrations; n = 5. (B) Differences in fecal butyrate concentrations between the DSS control and R-Y FMT mice; n = 5. (C and D) 16S-rRNA sequencing analysis of fecal samples from DSS control and R-Y FMT mice. Shannon and Simpson index analysis in each group. (E) PCoA plot from the DSS control and R-Y FMT mice groups based on the Bray–Curtis distance; n = 5. (F) Relative abundance of SCFA-producing microbes in mice feces; n = 5. (G) M1 macrophage polarization in the RAW264.7 macrophage cell line after butyrate treatment for 8 h. (H) Cells were treated with butyrate and LPS for 8 h to evaluate M1 macrophage polarization. Scale bars = 100 μm. The results are expressed as the mean ± SEM. ∗∗P < 0.01.