Table 1:
The baseline characteristics of the study population.
| Characteristics | Total |
|---|---|
| Population, N | 23 438 |
| Age (years) | 43.8 (16.19) |
| Age group (years), n (%) | |
| <40 | 10 054 (42.9) |
| 40–64 | 10 563 (45.1) |
| >64 | 2821 (12.0) |
| Female, n (%) | 12 535 (53.5) |
| eGFR (CKD-EPI; ml/min/1.73 m2) | 99.45 (19.47) |
| eGFR category, n (%) | |
| >90 | 16 063 (68.5) |
| 60–89 | 6895 (29.4) |
| 30–59 | 457 (1.9) |
| 15–29 | 18 (0.1) |
| <15 | 5 (0.0) |
| CVD risk factors, n (%) | |
| Diabetes | 1049 (4.5) |
| Hypertension | 5588 (23.8) |
| BMI >25 | 7379 (31.8) |
| Dyslipidaemia | 11 475 (49.4) |
| CKD-related symptoms, n (%) | |
| Hyperphosphataemia | 529 (2.3) |
| Hypocalcaemia | 545 (2.3) |
| Anaemia | 1242 (6.2) |
| Hyperuricaemia | 2836 (12.1) |
Values presented as mean (SD) unless stated otherwise.
Diabetes was defined as FBG ≥7.0 mmol/l or currently on anti-diabetes medication. Hypertension was defined as an average SBP ≥140 mmHg, DBP ≥90 mmHg or currently on antihypertensive medication. Dyslipidaemia was defined as at least one of the following: TC ≥5.2 mmol/l, TG ≥1.7 mmol/l, HDL-C <1.0 mmol/l, LDL-C ≥3.4 mmol/l or currently on lipid-lowering medication. Hyperuricaemia was serum UA ≥420 μmol/l for males and UA ≥360 μmol/l for females. Anaemia was haemoglobin <136 g/l for males and <119 g/l for females. Hyperphosphataemia was defined as serum phosphate >1.53 mmol/l. Hypocalcaemia was defined as serum calcium <2.13 mmol/l.