Table 1.
Baseline characteristics according to CKD status 3 months after AKI
| Characteristics | All (n = 367) | No CKD (eGFR ≥60 ml/min/1.73 m2) (n = 208) | AKI-to-CKD transitiona (n = 159) | P-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sex (male), n (%) | 235 (64) | 138 (66) | 97 (61) | .324 |
| Age (years), mean ± SD | 71 ± 15 | 67 ± 16 | 75 ± 11 | <.001 |
| Diabetes, n (%) | 103 (28) | 51 (24) | 52 (33) | .101 |
| Hypertension, n (%) | 237 (65) | 118 (57) | 119 (75) | <.001 |
| Dyslipidaemia, n (%) | 144 (39) | 67 (32) | 77 (48) | .002 |
| Coronary artery disease, n (%) | 51 (14) | 25 (12) | 26 (16) | .286 |
| Heart failure, n (%) | 69 (19) | 3 (18) | 32 (21) | .502 |
| Peripheral vascular disease, n (%) | 19 (6) | 13 (7) | 6 (5) | .346 |
| Atrial fibrillation, n (%) | 74 (20) | 35 (17) | 39 (25) | .067 |
| Stroke, n (%) | 47 (13) | 30 (14) | 17 (11) | .345 |
| Malignancy, n (%) | 88 (24) | 53 (26) | 35 (22) | .460 |
| Cognitive impairment, n (%) | 54 (15) | 30 (15) | 24 (15) | 1.000 |
| Baseline RAASi, n (%) | 159 (43) | 75 (38) | 84 (50) | .020 |
| Baseline diuretics, n (%) | 159 (43) | 93 (39) | 66 (52) | .020 |
| Baseline eGFR (ml/min/1.73 m2) | 78 (68–90) | 84 (71–95) | 72 (65–84) | <.001 |
| Nadir eGFR (ml/min/1.73 m2)b | 35 (22–49) | 35 (21–51) | 36 (22–47) | .833 |
| Post-AKI eGFR (ml/min/1.73 m2) | 69 (52–88) | 82 (63–97) | 57 (46–69) | <.001 |
| eGFR 3 months after AKI (ml/min/1.73 m2) | 65 (44–84) | 80 (71–94) | 40 (28–50) | <.001 |
| eGFR loss from baselinec (ml/min/1.73 m2) | 14 (0–34) | 2 (−7–12) | 36 (21–50) | <.001 |
| AKI severity, n (%) | <.001 | |||
| AKIN 1 | 175 (49) | 81 (39) | 94 (61) | |
| AKIN 2 | 101 (28) | 69 (33) | 32 (21) | |
| AKIN 3 | 84 (23) | 56 (27) | 28 (18) | |
| Albumin:creatinine ratio (mg/g)d, median (IQR) | 19 (8–119) | 15 (6–108) | 45 (8–512) | .185 |
| Serum albumin (g/dl), median (IQR) | 3.2 (2.8–3.8) | 3.2 (2.7–3.8) | 3.2 (2.9–3.7) | .489 |
RAASi: renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system inhibitor.
a
Defined as eGFR <60 ml/min/1.73 m2 at 3 months after AKI, i.e. from the time when serum creatinine peaked in AKI.
b
Defined as the lowest eGFR achieved during the AKI episode.
c
Defined as eGFR loss from baseline to 3 months after AKI.
d
Albumin:creatinine ratio was available in only 74 patients.