Table 3:
Sub-distribution HRs (95% CI) for fracture risk starting 90 days after dialysis initiation in US patients with ESKD attributed to one of five glomerular diseases, diabetic nephropathy or ADPKD compared with IgA nephropathy.
| IgA nephropathy | FSGS | Membranous nephropathy | Lupus nephritis | Vasculitis | Diabetic nephropathy | ADPKD | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Composite (any) fracture | |||||||
| Model 1 | ref | 1.13 (1.02–1.24) | 1.27 (1.13–1.41) | 0.84 (0.71–0.97) | 1.65 (1.53–1.78) | 1.66 (1.56–1.76) | 1.63 (1.52–1.73) |
| Model 2 | ref | 1.14 (1.03–1.25) | 1.18 (1.04–1.32) | 0.88 (0.75–1.01) | 1.26 (1.13–1.38) | 1.44 (1.34–1.54) | 1.39 (1.28–1.49) |
| Model 3 | ref | 1.13 (1.02–1.24) | 1.17 (1.03–1.31) | 0.87 (0.74–1.01) | 1.23 (1.10–1.35) | 1.44 (1.33–1.54) | 1.37 (1.27–1.48) |
| Model 4 | ref | 1.13 (1.02–1.24) | 1.16 (1.02–1.29) | 0.86 (0.73–0.99) | 1.22 (1.10–1.35) | 1.41 (1.31–1.51) | 1.38 (1.27–1.49) |
| Model 5 | ref | 1.13 (1.02–1.24) | 1.16 (1.02–1.30) | 0.85 (0.71–0.98) | 1.22 (1.09–1.34) | 1.43 (1.33–1.53) | 1.37 (1.26–1.48) |
| Model 6 | ref | 1.13 (1.02–1.24) | 1.19 (1.06–1.33) | 0.88 (0.76–1.02) | 1.28 (1.15–1.40) | 1.41 (1.31–1.51) | 1.39 (1.28–1.50) |
| Hip fracture | |||||||
| Model 1 | ref | 1.08 (0.93–1.24) | 1.45 (1.27–1.64) | 0.65 (0.46–0.84) | 1.94 (1.77–2.11) | 1.43 (1.29–1.56) | 1.54 (1.39–1.69) |
| Model 2 | ref | 1.00 (0.85–1.16) | 1.14 (0.95–1.32) | 0.92 (0.73–1.11) | 1.20 (1.03–1.36) | 1.06 (0.93–1.20) | 1.19 (1.04–1.34) |
| Model 3 | ref | 0.99 (0.84–1.15) | 1.12 (0.94–1.31) | 0.92 (0.73–1.11) | 1.16 (0.99–1.33) | 1.06 (0.92–1.20) | 1.18 (1.03–1.32) |
| Model 4 | ref | 0.99 (0.83–1.14) | 1.09 (0.90–1.28) | 0.90 (0.71–1.09) | 1.15 (0.98–1.31) | 1.04 (0.90–1.18) | 1.19 (1.04–1.34) |
| Model 5 | ref | 1.00 (0.85–1.15) | 1.10 (0.92–1.29) | 0.83 (0.64–1.02) | 1.10 (0.94–1.27) | 1.10 (0.97–1.24) | 1.15 (1.00–1.30) |
| Model 6 | ref | 0.99 (0.85–1.15) | 1.05 (0.86–1.23) | 0.78 (0.59–0.97) | 1.20 (1.04–1.37) | 1.06 (0.92–1.20) | 1.16 (1.01–1.31) |
| Lower femur fracture | |||||||
| Model 1 | ref | 1.04 (0.60–1.49) | 1.32 (0.78–1.87) | 0.89 (0.37–1.40) | 1.09 (0.55–1.63) | 2.33 (1.93–2.72) | 1.08 (0.63–1.52) |
| Model 2 | ref | 1.05 (0.60–1.49) | 1.38 (0.83–1.92) | 0.63 (0.12–1.14) | 0.95 (0.41–1.49) | 2.13 (1.74–2.53) | 0.97 (0.52–1.41) |
| Model 3 | ref | 1.04 (0.60–1.49) | 1.36 (0.82–1.91) | 0.62 (0.10–1.13) | 0.91 (0.37–1.45) | 1.99 (1.59–2.39) | 0.97 (0.52–1.42) |
| Model 4 | ref | 1.03 (0.58–1.47) | 1.29 (0.74–1.83) | 0.59 (0.07–1.10) | 0.88 (0.34–1.42) | 1.89 (1.49–2.29) | 0.99 (0.54–1.44) |
| Model 5 | ref | 1.01 (0.57–1.46) | 1.28 (0.73–1.82) | 0.61 (0.09–1.12) | 0.89 (0.34–1.43) | 1.83 (1.43–2.23) | 1.00 (0.55–1.45) |
| Model 6 | ref | 1.04 (0.59–1.48) | 1.36 (0.82–1.90) | 0.68 (0.17–1.19) | 1.01 (0.47–1.55) | 2.14 (1.74–2.53) | 0.99 (0.55–1.44) |
| Upper extremity or lower leg fracture | |||||||
| Model 1 | ref | 1.17 (1.01–1.34) | 1.16 (0.95–1.38) | 0.97 (0.78–1.16) | 1.18 (0.98–1.38) | 1.82 (1.67–1.96) | 1.95 (1.79–2.11) |
| Model 2 | ref | 1.28 (1.11–1.44) | 1.32 (1.11–1.53) | 0.77 (0.58–0.96) | 1.32 (1.11–1.53) | 1.92 (1.77–2.07) | 1.89 (1.73–2.05) |
| Model 3 | ref | 1.28 (1.11–1.44) | 1.31 (1.10–1.52) | 0.78 (0.59–0.97) | 1.11 (0.91–1.31) | 1.93 (1.78–2.08) | 1.87 (1.71–2.03) |
| Model 4 | ref | 1.28 (1.11–1.45) | 1.33 (1.12–1.54) | 0.78 (0.59–0.97) | 1.13 (0.93–1.33) | 1.93 (1.78–2.08) | 1.86 (1.70–2.02) |
| Model 5 | ref | 1.27 (1.10–1.44) | 1.32 (1.11–1.54) | 0.80 (0.61–0.99) | 1.14 (0.93–1.34) | 1.90 (1.74–2.05) | 1.87 (1.71–2.03) |
| Model 6 | Ref | 1.26 (1.10–1.33) | 1.33 (1.12–1.45) | 0.76 (0.57–0.95) | 1.26 (1.06–1.46) | 1.87 (1.72–2.02) | 1.88 (1.72–2.04) |
| Vertebral fracture | |||||||
| Model 1 | ref | 0.91 (0.64–1.18) | 1.08 (0.74–1.42) | 0.77 (0.45–1.08) | 1.99 (1.71–2.28) | 1.15 (0.91–1.38) | 1.42 (1.16–1.68) |
| Model 2 | ref | 0.90 (0.63–1.17) | 0.93 (0.59–1.28) | 0.99 (0.68–1.31) | 1.39 (1.10–1.67) | 0.94 (0.70–1.18) | 1.16 (0.90–1.43) |
| Model 3 | ref | 0.90 (0.63–1.17) | 0.92 (0.58–1.27) | 0.99 (0.67–1.31) | 1.36 (1.07–1.64) | 0.94 (0.70–1.18) | 1.16 (0.90–1.42) |
| Model 4 | ref | 0.89 (0.62–1.16) | 0.96 (0.64–1.28) | 0.89 (0.55–1.24) | 1.34 (1.05–1.63) | 0.91 (0.67–1.15) | 1.18 (0.92–1.44) |
| Model 5 | ref | 0.89 (0.62–1.16) | 0.90 (0.55–1.24) | 0.94 (0.62–1.26) | 1.33 (1.04–1.62) | 0.92 (0.68–1.16) | 1.17 (0.91–1.43) |
| Model 6 | Ref | 0.90 (0.63–1.17) | 0.94 (0.60–1.29) | 0.92 (0.61–1.24) | 1.47 (1.18–1.76) | 0.94 (0.70–1.17) | 1.22 (0.96–1.48) |
Model 1: Cause of ESKD.
Model 2: Model 1 + demographic and socioeconomic characteristics, i.e. age, gender, race, Hispanic, region, socioeconomic status.
Model 3: Model 2 + clinical characteristics, i.e. comorbidities and dialysis modality.
Model 4: Model 3 + laboratory values, i.e. eGFR, hemoglobin and albumin.
Model 5: Model 4 + BMI.
Model 6: Model 1 + age, gender.
All models stratified by incidence year of ESKD.
Significant findings in bold (p < 0.05).