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. 2022 Aug 2;15(12):2266–2280. doi: 10.1093/ckj/sfac181

Table 2.

Results of the critical appraisal with PROBAST

Study ROB Applicability Overall
Participants Predictors Outcome Analysis Participants Predictors Outcome ROB Applicability
S01 [54] + + + + + + + + +
S02 [55] + + + + + + + + +
S03 [56] + + + + + + +
S05 [57] + ? ? + ?
S07 [58] + + + + ? + +
S08 [59] + + + + + + +
S09 [38] + + + + + + +
S10 [60] + + + + + + +
S11 [61] + + + + + + +
S12 [62] + + + + + + +
S15 [63] + + + + + + + + +
S18 [64] + + + + + + +
S20 [65] + + + + + + +
S22 [66] + + + + + + +
S23 [67] + + + + + + +
S26 [68] + + ? + ?
S32 [69] + + + + + + +
S38 [70] + + ? + ?
S39 [71] + + + + + + +
S40 [72] + + + + + +
S41 [73] + + + + + + +
S42 [74] + + + + + + +
S43 [75] + + + + + + +
S44 [76] + + + + + + +
S46 [77] + + + + + + + + +
S48 [78] + + + + + + +
S49 [79] + + + + + + +
S50 [80] + + +
S52 [81] + + + + + + +
S53 [82] + + + + + + +
S54 [83] + + + + + + +
S56 [84] + + + + + +
S58 [85] + + + + + +
S59 [86] + + + + + + +
S60 [87] + + + + + + +
S61 [88] + + + + + + +
S62 [89] + + + + + + +
S63 [90] + + + ? + ?
S64 [91] + + + + + + +
S65 [92] + + + + + + +
S66 [93] + + + + + + +
S67 [94] + + + + + + +
S68 [38] + + + + + + +
S70 [95] + + + + + + +
S71 [96] + + + + + + +
S72 [97] + ? + ? ?

The plus symbol (+) indicates low risk of bias (ROB) or low concern for applicability; the minus symbol (−) means high ROB or high concern for applicability; the question mark (?) implies unclear ROB or unclear concern for applicability.