Disorders in which ADH levels are not elevated |
Polydipsia (e.g. marijuana)
|
Low dietary solute intake (beer drinker's potomania, tea and toast diet) |
Disorders with impaired urine dilution but normal suppression of ADH |
Renal impairment
|
Diuretic-induced hyponatraemia |
Disorders with impaired urine dilution due to unsuppressed ADH secretion |
Reduced effective arterial blood volume |
True volume depletion (hypovolemic hyponatraemia) |
Heart failure and cirrhosis (hypervolemic hyponatraemia) |
Addison's disease |
SIADH (euvolemic hyponatraemia) |
CNS disturbances |
Malignancies |
Drugs: anti-epileptic drugs, opiates, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agents
|
Surgery |
Pulmonary disease |
Hormonal deficiency: secondary adrenal insufficiency (opiates), hypothyroidism |
Hormone administration (vasopressin, desmopressin, oxytocin) |
Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome |
Disorders with impaired urine dilution due to abnormal V2 receptor (nephrogenic SIADH) |
Abnormally low osmostat |
Acquired reset osmostat of chronic illness |
Genetic reset osmostat |
Reset osmostat of pregnancy |
Exercise-induced hyponatraemia
|
Cerebral salt wasting |