Table 2.
Age- and sex-standardized prevalence of CKD and mean values of creatinine in the overall population and in subgroups
| CKD prevalence (%), mean (95% CI) | Creatinine (µmol/l), mean (SD) | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Characteristics | Participants, n | Cases, n | Crude | Adjusted | Crude | Adjusted |
| Overall | 9 461 631 | 88 271 | 0.93 (0.79–1.07) | 1.26 (1.07–1.46) | 69.4 (18.3) | 68.4 (18.3) |
| Sex | ||||||
| Women | 4 402 939 | 41 651 | 0.95 (0.76–1.14) | 1.33 (1.10–1.56) | 58.4 (13.2) | 58.1 (13.5) |
| Men | 5 058 692 | 46 620 | 0.92 (0.80–1.04) | 1.20 (1.03–1.38) | 78.9 (16.8) | 78.3 (16.9) |
| BMI | ||||||
| <18.5 | 399 211 | 1775 | 0.44 (0.37–0.52) | 0.66 (0.55–0.77) | 64.2 (16.9) | 63.1 (18.5) |
| 18.5–24.9 | 4 937 477 | 38 283 | 0.78 (0.65–0.90) | 1.04 (0.85–1.22) | 67.8 (17.9) | 66.8 (17.7) |
| 25.0–29.9 | 2 567 817 | 30 412 | 1.18 (1.00–1.37) | 1.60 (1.34–1.86) | 72.4 (18.4) | 71.7 (18.4) |
| ≥30 | 460 127 | 5196 | 1.13 (0.96–1.30) | 1.44 (1.21–1.67) | 71.9 (18.9) | 71.5 (18.4) |
| Age (years) | ||||||
| 18–29 | 2 159 516 | 1185 | 0.05 (0.04–0.07) | 0.05 (0.04–0.06) | 69.3 (16.8) | 67.5 (16.3) |
| 30–39 | 2 739 774 | 3455 | 0.13 (0.09–0.16) | 0.12 (0.09–0.14) | 69.1 (17.4) | 67.5 (16.9) |
| 40–49 | 2 028 848 | 8969 | 0.44 (0.33–0.55) | 0.42 (0.30–0.53) | 68.7 (18.2) | 68.1 (17.9) |
| 50–59 | 1 531 715 | 17 447 | 1.14 (0.91–1.37) | 1.15 (0.85–1.44) | 69.0 (18.9) | 68.4 (18.9) |
| 60–69 | 747 543 | 23 043 | 3.08 (2.58–3.58) | 3.05 (2.50–3.61) | 70.1 (20.8) | 69.8 (22.0) |
| ≥70 | 254 235 | 34 172 | 13.4 (12.0–14.9) | 13.2 (11.9–14.6) | 77.1 (26.3) | 75.1 (26.2) |
| Region | ||||||
| North | 1 194 424 | 13 964 | 1.17 (0.77–1.57) | 1.42 (0.95–1.89) | 70.1 (17.4) | 69.4 (17.4) |
| East | 2 878 302 | 18 377 | 0.64 (0.41–0.87) | 1.01 (0.74–1.29) | 67.1 (17.7) | 67.6 (18.1) |
| Central | 1 392 312 | 10 690 | 0.77 (0.56–0.98) | 0.94 (0.65–1.24) | 65.1 (17.6) | 65.1 (17.5) |
| South | 1 313 092 | 13 148 | 1.00 (0.50–1.51) | 2.35 (0.91–3.79) | 73.2 (19.0) | 73.2 (20.1) |
| Southwest | 1 326 450 | 22 387 | 1.69 (1.22–2.16) | 1.68 (1.12–2.24) | 75.5 (19.5) | 70.3 (19.6) |
| Northwest | 589 818 | 3987 | 0.68 (0.50–0.85) | 0.84 (0.61–1.07) | 66.4 (16.2) | 65.6 (17.6) |
| Northeast | 767 233 | 5718 | 0.75 (0.61–0.88) | 0.98 (0.71–1.26) | 69.3 (17.4) | 68.8 (17.1) |
| Hypertension | ||||||
| Yes | 1 922 436 | 47 290 | 2.46 (2.14–2.78) | 3.61 (3.08–4.13) | 72.3 (22.2) | 72.2 (23.1) |
| No | 6 846 931 | 32 894 | 0.48 (0.39–0.58) | 0.57 (0.46–0.67) | 68.6 (16.9) | 67.4 (16.5) |
| Diabetes | ||||||
| Yes | 467 410 | 14 663 | 3.14 (2.73–3.54) | 4.46 (3.89–5.03) | 70.1 (23.5) | 70.1 (26.2) |
| No | 8 683 406 | 72 446 | 0.83 (0.70–0.97) | 1.13 (0.96–1.31) | 69.3 (18.0) | 68.3 (17.8) |
Prevalence of CKD and mean values of creatinine show significant differences across all category groups (P < .001). Diabetes was defined as fasting glucose ≥7.0 mmol/l or haemoglobin A1c ≥6.5% or a self-reported history of diabetes.