Table 3.
Unadjusted and adjusted hazard ratio estimates of overdose death by substance use type (Cox proportional hazards model) (N = 7275).
| Unadjusted Estimates | Adjusted Estimate | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| HR (95%CI) | P-value | HR (95%CI) | P-value | |
| Substance use type | ||||
| Both | 1·94 (1·45-2·61) | < 0·001 | 2·02 (1·47-2·78) | < 0·001 |
| Stimulant | 0·99 (0·72-1·35) | 0·9322 | 1·05(0·75-1·48) | 0·7644 |
| Opioid | Reference | |||
| Sex-Female | 0·54 (0·41-0·70) | < 0·001 | 0·53 (0·40-0·69) | < 0·001 |
| Age | ||||
| < 30 | 0·92 (0·67-1·28) | 0·6249 | 1·07 (0·75-1·52) | 0·7112 |
| 30-39 | 0·68(0·48-0·96) | 0·0305 | 0·74(0·51-1·06) | 0·0974 |
| 40-49 | 1·07(0·77-1·48) | 0·6988 | 1·08(0·78-1·51) | 0·6335 |
| 50+ | Reference | |||
| Health Authority | ||||
| Fraser | 0·68 (0·50-0·92) | 0·0117 | 0·79 (0·58-1·07) | 0·1270 |
| Interior | 0·85(0·60-1·20) | 0·3479 | 1·01(0·71-1·44) | 0·9440 |
| Northern | 0·56(0·32-0·99) | 0·0449 | 0·70 (0·40-1·23) | 0·2163 |
| Vancouver Island | 0·79(0·55-1·14) | 0·2131 | 1·01 (0·69-1·47) | 0·9642 |
| Vancouver Coastal | Reference | |||
| Elixhauser index | ||||
| None | 0·82 (0·61-1·12) | 0·2167 | 0·96 (0·69-1·33) | 0·8128 |
| 1 | 0·78(0·56-1·10) | 0·1536 | 0·89(0·63-1·26) | 0·5260 |
| 2 | 0·67(0·47-0·95) | 0·0248 | 0·71(0·49-1·01) | 0·0564 |
| 3+ | Reference | |||
| Benzodiazepine | 1·27 (0·93-1·73) | 0·1317 | 1·19 (0·85-1·67) | 0·3135 |
| Z-drugs | 1·35(0·90-2·04) | 0·1521 | 1·21(0·79-1·86) | 0·3863 |
| Sedatives | 1·23(0·97-1·58) | 0·0927 | 1·04(0·77-1·41) | 0·7836 |
| Opioids for pain | 1·16(0·87-1·55) | 0·3164 | 1·15(0·82-1·60) | 0·4152 |