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. 2022 Nov 14;29:97. doi: 10.1186/s12929-022-00876-1

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© The Author(s) 2022

Open AccessThis article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated in a credit line to the data.

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Fig. 2 — HBX downregulates C9 promoter activity and USF-1 expression. a Relative expression of C9 in HBx transfected Huh7 cells with or without DNA methylation inhibitor 5-aza-2’-deoxycytidine (5 μM) or histone deacetylation inhibitor Trichostatin A (0.1 μM). b Relative luciferase activity of C9 promoter-luciferase reporter construct (pGL3-C9-Prom) when co-transfected with HBx-expressing plasmid [pcDNA3.1/myc-His(B)-HBx] or empty vector. c CpG island prediction in C9 promoter using Methprimer online software. Relative expression of d USF1and ATF2 mRNA and e USF-1 protein in HBx- or empty vector transfected Huh7 cells measured respectively by real time PCR and western blot analysis using anti-USF1 antibody. Mean ± SD are presented based on three independent experiments. Paired t tests were performed for comparing paired groups. *p < 0.05, ***p < 0.0001