TABLE 6.
Moderating Effects of Individual Characteristics for the Association Between School Start Time and Youth Outcomes
| 95% CI | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Moderator | Developmental Outcomes | Predictor | ES | Lower | Upper | P |
|
| ||||||
| Age | Aggregated outcome | Age in months | −0.005 | −0.025 | 0.015 | .56 |
| Sleep | Age in months | −0.006 | −0.035 | 0.023 | .60 | |
| Duration | Age in months | — | — | — | — | |
| Quality | Age in months | — | — | — | — | |
| Bedtime | Age in months | — | — | — | — | |
| Wake time | Age in months | — | — | — | — | |
| Chronotype | Age in months | — | — | — | — | |
| Sleepiness | Age in months | — | — | — | — | |
| Socioemotional | Age in months | — | — | — | — | |
| Negative | Age in months | — | — | — | — | |
| Academic | Age in months | — | — | — | — | |
| Sex | Aggregated outcome | Female % | — | — | — | — |
| Sleep | Female % | — | — | — | — | |
| Duration | Female % | — | — | — | — | |
| Quality | Female % | — | — | — | — | |
| Bedtime | Female % | — | — | — | — | |
| Wake time | Female % | — | — | — | — | |
| Chronotype | Female % | — | — | — | — | |
| Sleepiness | Female % | — | — | — | — | |
| Socioemotional | Female % | — | — | — | — | |
| Negative | Female % | — | — | — | — | |
| Academic | Female % | — | — | — | — | |
| Race | Aggregated outcome | Black % vs White % | — | — | — | — |
| Latinx % vs White % | — | — | — | — | ||
| Asian % vs White % | — | — | — | — | ||
| Other % vs White% | — | — | — | — | ||
| Sleep | Black % vs White % | — | — | — | — | |
| Latinx % vs White % | — | — | — | — | ||
| Asian % vs White % | — | — | — | — | ||
| Other % vs White% | — | — | — | — | ||
| Duration | Black % vs White % | — | — | — | — | |
| Latinx % vs White % | — | — | — | — | ||
| Asian % vs White % | — | — | — | — | ||
| Other % vs White% | — | — | — | — | ||
| Quality | Black % vs White % | — | — | — | — | |
| Latinx % vs White % | — | — | — | — | ||
| Asian % vs White % | — | — | — | — | ||
| Other % vs White% | — | — | — | — | ||
| Bedtime | Black % vs White % | — | — | — | — | |
| Latinx % vs White % | — | — | — | — | ||
| Asian % vs White % | — | — | — | — | ||
| Other % vs White% | — | — | — | — | ||
| Aggregated outcome | Minority % vs White % | — | — | — | — | |
| Sleep | Minority % vs White % | — | — | — | — | |
| Duration | Minority % vs White % | — | — | — | — | |
| Quality | Minority % vs White % | — | — | — | — | |
| Bedtime | Minority % vs White % | — | — | — | — | |
| Wake time | Minority % vs White % | — | — | — | — | |
| Chronotype | Minority % vs White % | — | — | — | — | |
| Sleepiness | Minority % vs White % | — | — | — | — | |
| Socioemotional | Minority % vs White % | — | — | — | — | |
| Negative | Minority % vs White % | — | — | — | — | |
| Academic | Minority % vs White % | — | — | — | — | |
Age was adjusted in all analyses. Estimates with df < 4 are not considered to be reliable. ES, effect sizes assessed in correlation; —, refer to analyses where the degrees of freedom was less than 4, which would provide unreliable estimates, therefore estimates were not analyzed.