Table 3.

Epigenome-wide association study results for differential hydroxymethylation (q < 0.05) at CpG sites associated with Pb quantified in maternal toenail (ng/g), infant toenail (ng/g), and placenta (ug/g) samples.

Probe	Position	Gene	Estimate	SE	p-value	q-value
Maternal toenail
cg15320238	chr16:51,091,402		−0.0027	0.0004	1.14E-08	0.0079
cg15591645	chr19:46,147,397	EML2	0.0052	0.0009	1.21E-07	0.0417
Infant toenail
cg20800997	chr21:47,018,175		0.0036	0.0006	7.16E-09	0.0049
Placenta
cg09869950	chr1:59,783,505	FGGY	0.0060	0.0011	8.40E-07	0.0441
cg11036421	chr1:61,510,287		0.0100	0.0019	4.94E-07	0.0401
cg25805115	chr1:81,964,207		−0.0128	0.0023	1.29E-07	0.0295
cg19519828	chr1:206,664,973	IKBKE	0.0027	0.0004	1.38E-08	0.0062
cg25195477	chr3:148,847,134	HPS3	0.0005	0.0001	6.79E-07	0.0401
cg25687585	chr5:42,756,950	CCDC152	0.0075	0.0014	2.48E-07	0.0401
cg13694662	chr9:140,214,551	EXD3	−0.0107	0.0020	3.76E-07	0.0401
cg26252498	chr10:34,865,917	PARD3	0.0063	0.0012	5.57E-07	0.0401
cg16119628	chr10:88,282,035	WAPAL	0.0005	0.0001	8.98E-07	0.0441
cg09847717	chr11:126,318,677	KIRREL3	0.0049	0.0009	7.01E-07	0.0401
cg15574100	chr12:27,168,121	TM7SF3	0.0048	0.0009	4.69E-07	0.0401
cg19704558	chr17:35,296,732	LHX1	0.0069	0.0011	1.81E-08	0.0062
cg05279901	chr19:42,498,662	ATP1A3	0.0024	0.0005	6.34E-07	0.0401
cg24118151	chr20:42,354,839	GTSF1L	0.0048	0.0009	3.36E-07	0.0401

Note: Estimates reflect the change in DNA methylation per doubling (log₂) of Pb concentration.