Table 1.
Cutoff reference values for normal semen characteristics as published in consecutive WHO manuals and values in this study
| Parameters | WHO 2010 | Values in this study |
|---|---|---|
| Semen volume (ml) | ≥1.5 | 3.74 |
| Total sperm concentration (106) | ≥39 (33–46) | 279 |
| Sperm concentration (106/ml) | ≥15 (12–16) | 74.6 |
| Total motility (PR+NP,%) | ≥40 (38–42) | 69.7 |
| Progressive motility, (%) | ≥32 (31–34) | 58.3 |
| Sperm morphology (normal form, %) | ≥4.0 | 9.7 |
| pH | ≥7.2 | ≥7.2 |
| Peroxidase-positive leukocyte (106/ml) | <1.0 | <1.0 |
NP: non-progressive; PR: progressive; WHO: World Health Organization.