Skip to main content
. 2022 Jun 9;16(11):E552–E557. doi: 10.5489/cuaj.7876

Table 1.

Cutoff reference values for normal semen characteristics as published in consecutive WHO manuals and values in this study

Parameters WHO 2010 Values in this study
 Semen volume (ml) ≥1.5 3.74
 Total sperm concentration (106) ≥39 (33–46) 279
 Sperm concentration (106/ml) ≥15 (12–16) 74.6
 Total motility (PR+NP,%) ≥40 (38–42) 69.7
 Progressive motility, (%) ≥32 (31–34) 58.3
 Sperm morphology (normal form, %) ≥4.0 9.7
 pH ≥7.2 ≥7.2
 Peroxidase-positive leukocyte (106/ml) <1.0 <1.0

NP: non-progressive; PR: progressive; WHO: World Health Organization.