Table 1.

Summary of cases with resected pleural epithelioid hemangioendothelioma

Authors	Age and sex	Symptoms at presentation	Signs at presentation	Diagnosis	Surgery	Other treatments	Median DFS from surgery (months)	Median OS from surgery (months)
Lee et al. [3]	31 years, F	Upper back and radiating, bilateral shoulder pain.	Right nodular pleural thickening with several foci, and bone metastases.	Thoracoscopy: multiple scattered subpleural whitish-tan plaques; intraparenchymal growth.	Wedge resection of the right lower lobe of the lung	Palliative radiotherapy on the spine and chemotherapy with adriamycin as first-line treatment followed by mesna-doxorubicin-ifosfamide-dacarbazine as second-line treatment	NR	≈10
Crotty et al. [4]	4 males with median age of 62 years	Chest pain, dyspnea, productive cough, fever and weight loss	Moderate-sized pleural effusions with smooth and nodular pleural thickening.	Three patients underwent open thoracotomy with pleural decortication.	Three out of four patients underwent pleural stripping and decortication procedures, for diagnostic purposes and palliation.	Not specified	NR	≈10
			Two patients presented multiple pulmonary nodules (ranged from 3 to 12 mm). Diffuse mediastinal lymphadenopathy and thickened interlobular septa were observed in one patient.	One underwent video-assisted thoracoscopic pleural biopsy.
				Lung was noted to be encased by dense white-gray tissue in one. In another one, a thick white plaque invaded the diaphragm.
			No chest wall invasion was reported.	Thoracocentesis: negative findings in one patient and positive findings for undifferentiated malignancy in another one.
Kim et al. [11]	46 years, F	Right-sided chest discomfort and cough.	Right-sided pleural effusion	Diagnostic thoracoscopy: thick peel involving the pleural surfaces.	Initial decortication and visceral pleurectomy. Subsequent complete pleurectomy with cytoreduction to minimal disease	Postsurgical chemotherapy with carboplatin and etoposide for residual disease	≈22	≈22
				Thoracocentesis: serosanguineous exudative effusion negative for malignancy.
Saqi et al. [12]	37 years, M	Progressive dyspnea and right-sided pleuritic chest pain	Right-sided pleural effusion	Thoracentesis and pleural decortication	Pleural decortication	Postoperative carboplatin, etoposide, and bevacizumab for one course	NR	≈3
Al-Shraim et al. [13]	51 years, M	Dry cough, shortness of breath	Left-sided pleural effusion. Pleural thickening forming a nodular mass	Pleuroscopy: results interpreted as malignant mesothelioma, undifferentiated, small cell type. Correct diagnosis came from histological review	Left lung decortication and resection of the pleural tumor	Interferon	NR	>24
Yu et al. [14]	39 years, F	Progressive dyspnea	Mass lesion in the left thorax invading the pericardium and compressing the myocardium	Thoracocentesis and pericardiocentesis: bloody exudative effusion.	Radical resection	Postsurgical chemotherapy with carboplatin and etoposide	>14	>14
				Fine needle aspiration: atypical inflammatory cells.
				Sternotomy: parenchymatous mass contiguous with a calcified mass on the left pleura.
Chou et al. [15]	42 years, M	Chest pain and productive cough	Pleural effusion and irregular thickness of the left pleura with small nodularities.	Pleural biopsy	Pleurectomy	Radiotherapy and chemotherapy for recurrent disease.	5	>14
	27 years, M	Dry cough, hoarseness, and chest tenderness	Pleural mass and left hemidiaphragm paralysis	Partial pleurectomy: fibrotic lesion measuring 3.7 × 2.0 × 2.0 cm in size in the left pleura of the lung apex.	Pleurectomy	Postoperative radiotherapy and subsequent pleurectomy for recurrent disease. Adjuvant doxorubicin and cisplatin.	NR	≈18
Bevelaqua et al. [16]	22 years, M	Fever	Right pleural effusion	Thoracocentesis: serosanguineous exudative effusion negative for malignancy.	Excission of the mass, one-third of the diaphragm, a portion of the right lower lobe, and associated parietal pleura.	NR	NR	NR
				Exploratory thoracotomy: lobulated hemorrhagic mass originating from the diaphragm.
Apolinário et al. [17]	47 years, M	Chest pain and dyspnea	Left pleural effusion	Cytological examination: negative for malignancy.	Pulmonary decortication and parietal pleurectomy	Postoperative doxorubicin	NR	≈5
				Bronchofibroscopy: negative for malignancy.
Takenaka et al. [18]	62 years, M	Right chest pain and dyspnea	Diffuse pleural thickening with uptake at FDG-PET and right pleural effusion	Thoracoscopy with pleural biopsy: severe adhesion in the thoracic cavity.	Extrapleural pneumonectomy	Pazopanib for recurrent disease	1	≈3.5