Table 1. Association between mortality and severe TBI in KAMC (2016–2019) (univariate analyses).
| Dead, n (%) a |
Alive, n (%) | p -Value c | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age | 0.62 | ||
| 18–29 | 14 (46.67) | 166 (42.24) | |
| 30–49 | 10 (33.33) | 105 (26.72) | |
| 50–69 | 3 (10) | 68 (17.3) | |
| 70+ | 3 (10) | 54 (13.74) | |
| Gender | 0.0018 | ||
| Male | 30 (100) | 295 (75.06) | |
| Female | – b | 98 (24.94) | |
| Injury mechanism | 0.0013 | ||
| Fall | 4 (13.33) | 163 (41.48) | |
| MVA | 16 (53.33) | 145 (36.90) | |
| Pedestrian | 7 (23.33) | 30 (7.63) | |
| Other mechanism | 3 (10) | 55 (13.99) | |
| Associated injury | 0.0021 | ||
| Abdomen | 2 (6.67) | 9 (2.29) | |
| Face and neck | 2 (6.67) | 57 (14.5) | |
| Thorax | 14 (46.67) | 79 (20.1) | |
| None | 12 (40) | 248 (63.1) | |
| Mode of transportation | < 0.0001 | ||
| Ambulance | 26 (86.67) | 147 (37.4) | |
| Private car | 4 (13.33) | 193 (49.11) | |
| Not mentioned | – | 53 (13.49) | |
| Length of hospital stay | < 0.0001 | ||
| One day or less | 6 (20) | 253 (64.38) | |
| 2–10 days | 18 (60) | 76 (19.34) | |
| More than 10 days | 6 (20) | 64 (16.28) | |
| Admission year | 0.34 | ||
| 2016 | 10 (33.33) | 90 (22.9) | |
| 2017 | 12 (40) | 142 (36.13) | |
| 2018 | 8 (26.67) | 148 (37.66) | |
| 2019 | – | 13 (3.31) | |
| Type of injury | 0.94 | ||
| Blunt | 29 (96.67) | 379 (96.44) | |
| Penetrating | 1 (3.33) | 29 (96.67) | |
| Cerebral hemorrhagic contusions | < 0.0001 | ||
| Yes | 23 (76.67) | 80 (20.36) | |
| No | 7 (23.33) | 313 (79.64) | |
| Epidural hematoma | < 0.0001 | ||
| Yes | 17 (56.67) | 70 (17.81) | |
| No | 13 (43.33) | 323 (82.19) | |
| Skull fracture | < 0.0001 | ||
| Yes | 20 (66.67) | 75 (19.08) | |
| No | 10 (33.33) | 318 (80.92) | |
| Glasgow Coma Scale | < 0.0001 | ||
| Mild-to-moderate TBI | 7 (23.33) | 356 (90.59) | |
| Severe TBI | 23 (76.67) | 37 (9.41) | |
Abbreviations: KAMC, King Abdulaziz Medical City; MVA, motor vehicle accident; TBI, traumatic brain injury.
a
Row percentage.
b
Represents zero cells.
c
p -Value from chi-squared test (χ 2 ) for more than five subjects per cell and Fisher's exact test for less than five subjects per cell.