Table 2. Clinical characteristics and injury-related variables of mild-to-moderate and severe TBI in KAMC (2016–2019).
| Mild-to-moderate TBI, n (%) a | Severe TBI, n (%) | p -Value c | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age | 0.005 | ||
| 18–29 | 148 (40.77) | 32 (53.33) | |
| 30–49 | 94 (25.90) | 21 (35) | |
| 50–69 | 65 (17.91) | 6 (10) | |
| 70+ | 56 (15.43) | 1 (1.67) | |
| Gender | 0.0003 | ||
| Male | 268 (73.83) | 57 (95) | |
| Female | 95 (27.17) | 3 (5) | |
| Injury mechanism | < 0.0001 | ||
| Fall | 159 (43.80) | 8 (13.33) | |
| MVA | 123 (33.88) | 38 (63.33) | |
| Pedestrian | 29 (7.99) | 8 (13.33) | |
| Other mechanism | 52 (14.33 | 6 (10) | |
| Associated injury | < 0.0001 | ||
| Abdomen | 5 (1.38) | 6 (10) | |
| Face and neck | 54 (14.88) | 5 (8.33) | |
| Thorax | 61 (16.80) | 32 (53.33) | |
| None | 243 (66.94) | 17 (28.33) | |
| Mode of transportation | < 0.0001 | ||
| Ambulance | 121 (33.33) | 52 (86.67) | |
| Private car | 192 (52.89) | 5 (8.33) | |
| Not mentioned | 50 (13.77) | 3 (5) | |
| Length of hospital stay | < 0.0001 | ||
| One day or less | 251 (69.15) | 8 (13.33) | |
| 2–10 days | 73 (20.11) | 21 (35) | |
| More than 10 days | 39 (10.74) | 31 (51.67) | |
| Admission year | 0.2106 | ||
| 2016 | 85 (23.42) | 15 (25) | |
| 2017 | 127 (34.99) | 27(45) | |
| 2018 | 138 (38.02) | 18 (30) | |
| 2019 | 13 (3.58) | b | |
| Type of injury | 0.3955 | ||
| Blunt | 394 (96.14) | 59 (98.33) | |
| Penetrating | 14 (3.86) | 1 (1.67) | |
| Cerebral hemorrhagic contusions | < 0.0001 | ||
| Yes | 62 (17.08) | 41 (68.33) | |
| No | 301 (82.92) | 19 (31.67) | |
| Epidural hematoma | < 0.0001 | ||
| Yes | 61 (16.80) | 26 (43.33) | |
| No | 302 (83.2) | 34 (56.67) | |
| Skull fracture | < 0.0001 | ||
| Yes | 57 (15.70) | 38 (63.33) | |
| No | 306 (84.3) | 22 (36.67) | |
| Mortality | < 0.0001 | ||
| Dead | 7 (1.93) | 23 (38.33) | |
| Alive | 365 (98.07) | 37 (61.67) | |
Abbreviations: KAMC, King Abdulaziz Medical City; MVA, motor vehicle accident; TBI, traumatic brain injury.
a
Row percentage.
b
Represents zero cells.
c
p -Value from chi-squared test (χ 2 ) for more than five subjects per cell and Fisher's exact test for less than five subjects per cell.