Table 2.
Reported potent compounds of xanthines and their targets.
| S. No. | Substituted xanthine derivative | Disease target | Potent compounds reported |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 1,3,8- and 1,3,7,8-substituted xanthines derivatives [23] | A2B and A1 adenosine receptors |
|
|
| |||
| 2 | 8(cyclopentyloxy) phenylxanthines derivatives [24] | A1 and A2 adenosine receptors |
|
|
| |||
| 3 | 8-(phenoxymethyl) xanthine and 8-(3-phenylpropyl) xanthine derivatives [25] | A2A adenosine receptor antagonistic properties |
|
|
| |||
| 4 | 8-(p-substituted-phenyl/benzyl) xanthines derivatives [26] | A2A adenosine receptor |
|
|
| |||
| 5 | 1,3-diethyl-7-methyl-8-(phenoxymethyl)-xanthine and 1,3,7-trimethyl-8-(phenoxymethyl)-xanthine derivatives [27] | A1 and A2A adenosine receptor antagonists |
|
|
| |||
| 6 | 8-(1-prop-2-ynyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)-xanthine derivatives [28] | A2B adenosine receptor antagonists |
|
|
| |||
| 7 | Tetrahydropyrazino-annelated theophylline derivatives [29] | Multi-targeted drugs with adenosine receptor (A1, A2A) and MAO-B antagonistic activity. |
|
|
| |||
| 8 | 8-(2-nitroaryl) xanthines [30] | Human A2A adenosine receptor |
|
|
| |||
| 9 | 8-(3-phenylpropyl) xanthines 8-(2-phenylethyl) xanthines and 8-(phenoxymethyl) xanthines [31] | Adenosine A1 receptors |
|
|
| |||
| 10 | Carboxylate amides of 8-phenyl-1,3-dimethylxanthine [32] | Adenosine A2A receptors |
|
|
| |||
| 11 | 6-amino-5-carboxamidouracils [33] | — |
|
|
| |||
| 12 | 1,3-substituted 8-styrylxanthines [34] | A1 and A2A adenosine receptors antagonist |
|
|
| |||
| 13 | Tetrahydropyrimido[2,1-f] purinediones derivatives [35] | A2B adenosine receptor antagonists |
|
|
| |||
| 14 | 8-benzyltetrahydropyrazino [2,1-f] purinediones derivatives [36] | Dual-target-directed A1/A2A adenosine receptor antagonists |
|
|
| |||
| 15 | 1,3-dialkyl-substituted tetrahydropyrimido [1,2-f]purine-2,4-diones [37] | Human A2A adenosine receptor antagonists |
|
|
| |||
| 16 | 8-benzyl-substituted tetrahydropyrazino [2,1-f] purinediones [38] | Dual A1/A2A adenosine receptor antagonists |
|
|
| |||
| 17 | Xanthine derivatives [39] | Antimicrobial and antioxidant activities |
|
|
| |||
| 18 | 8-alkylmercaptocaffeine derivatives [40] | — |
|
|
| |||
| 19 | 8-substituted xanthine derivatives [41] | A2A adenosine receptor antagonists |
|
|
| |||
| 20 | 1,2,3-triazole-based xanthine derivatives [42] | Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors |
|
|
| |||
| 21 | 3-benzyl-8-propylxanthinyl-7-acetic acid [43] | — |
|
|
| |||
| 22 | 1,3,8-substituted tetrahydropyrazino [2,1-f] purinediones [44] | A1 and A2A adenosine receptors and MAO-B |
|