Table 2.

Complications requiring further surgery in both groups.

Author	Year	CS group	Comparative group
McKee et al	2010	4 revision fixation 2 incision and drainage for wound infection 1 knee flexion contracture release	6 removal of PMMA beads with autogenous iliac crest bone grafting 3 revision of fixation 2 removal of hardware 2 ORIF after refracture 2 amputations (1 for persistent infection and one for refracture)
Luo et al	2016	4 recurrent infection after 1st stage	12 persistent infection after 1st stage 14 recurrent infection after 1st stage (recurrence defined as more than 3 months post-op)
Qin et al	2018	4 docking site consolidation procedures	6 docking site consolidation procedures 4 calcium sulfate implantations 1 irrigation and debridement
Romano et al	2014	1 soft tissue reconstruction (plastic surgery)	1 local muscular flap (8 months after surgery for skin necrosis and bone exposure) 1 ex-fixator for spontaneous fracture at the site of infection
Ferrando et al	2017	1 chronic expanding hematoma of the muscle flap donor site (requiring surgical drainage)	1 delayed wound closure (reoperated on by plastics and covered with a lateral thigh free flap)

CS = calcium sulfate, PMMA = polymethylmethacrylate, ORIF = open reduction internal fixation.