Table 1.
Comparison between the variceal and non-variceal study population.
| Parameter | Variceal | Non-variceal | P-value |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years/mean ± SD) | 59 ± 11.2 | 65 ± 14.9 | <.0001 |
| Gender (n, %) | |||
| Female (n, %) | 200 (36.6%) | 338 (33.9%) | .08 |
| Male (n, %) | 304 (60.4%) | 657 (66.1%) | .08 |
| Rebleeding rate (n, %) | 18.4% | 8.8% | <.0001 |
| Mortality rate (n, %) | 8.5% | 10.7% | .2 |
| Hemorrhagic shock (n, %) | 6.7% | 9.8% | .05 |
| Anemia | |||
| Mild (n, %) | 201 (40.1%) | 227 (22.8%) | <.0001 |
| Moderate (n, %) | 136 (26.9%) | 442 (44.4%) | <.0001 |
| Severe (n, %) | 146 (28.9%) | 226 (22.8%) | .009 |
| Total bilirubine (mg/dL, mean ± SD) | 3.40 ± 1.86 | 1.03 ± 0.7 | <.0001 |
| Creatinine (mg/dL, mean ± SD) | 1.12 ± 0.78 | 1.01 ± 0.1 | <.0001 |
| Thrombocytopenia (n, %) | 420 (83.4%) | 105 (10.5%) | <.0001 |
| ALT (UI/L, mean ± SD) | 59.0 ± 9.5 | 34.1 ± 8.4 | <.0001 |
| AST (UI/L, mean ± SD) | 93.3 ± 52.0 | 40.1 ± 6.5 | <.0001 |
| INR (mean ± SD) | 1.41 ± 0.5 | 1.02 ± 0.01 | <.0001 |
| Natrium (mmmol/L, mean ± SD) | 135.8 ± 7.7 | 138.0 ± 5.2 | <.0001 |
| Potasium (mmol/L, mean ± SD) | 3.7 ± 1.2 | 4.1 ± 0.9 | <.0001 |
| Surgery transfer/embolization (n, %) | 2 (0.3%) | 29 (2.9%) | .0007 |
| Therapy | <.0001 | ||
| PPI only (n, %) | – | 439 (44.1%) | |
| Endoscopic therapy (n, %) | 502 (99.6%) | 556 (55.7%) | |
| Variceal banding (n, %) | 472 (94.1%) | – | |
| Variceal sclerosis (n, %) | 30 (5.9%) | – | |
| Single method(hemostatic clip/thermal coagulation) | – | 296 (29.7%) | |
| Combined methods (adrenaline injection + clip/coagulation) | – | 260 (26.2%) | |
| Presentation (n, %) | |||
| Melena | 203 (40.2%) | 500 (50.2%) | .0002 |
| Hematemesis | 84 (8.4%) | 60 (6.0%) | .08 |
| Melena + hemetemesis | 119 (32.0%) | 184 (18.6%) | <.0001 |
| Hematochesia | 98 (19.4%) | 251 (25.2%) | .01 |
| Blood transfusion | 144 (28.5%) | 220 (22.1%) | .006 |
| Hospitalization days | 9.7 ± 1.2 | 5.0 ± 0.5 | <.0001 |
ALT = alaniane aminotransferase, AST = aspartat aminotransferase; proton pump inhibitor, INR = international normalized ratio, SD = standard deviation.