Table 1.

Patients demographics, Apfel and Modified Aldrete score, duration of anesthesia and surgery.

	Control (n = 33)	M1 (n = 34)	M2 (n = 34)	P
Gender—n (%)				.59†
Male	12 (36.4)	16 (47.1)	16 (47.1)
Female	21 (63.6)	18 (52.9)	18 (52.9)
Age (yr)—M (SD)	51.7 (9.2)	49.41 (11.5)	51.85 (11.9)	.58*
BMI—M (SD)	27.0 (3.9)	26.8 (3.9)	27.9 (3.7)	.46*
ASA classification—M (SD)	2.4 (0.5)	2.4 (0.5)	2.4 (0.5)	.87*
Apfel score—M (SD)	1.2 (0.7)	1.2 (0.8)	1.1 (0.8)	.93*
Modified Aldrete score—M (SD)	9.1 (0.3)	9.1 (0.4)	9.1 (0.4)	.94*
Duration of anesthesia—min (SD)	60.3 (11.1)	60.6 (11.7)	61.4 (12.8)	.93*
MAC–hours—h (SD)	0.8 (0.2)	0.8 (0.2)	0.8 (0.2)	.93*
Duration of surgery—min (SD)	47.3 (10.3)	46.6 (10.9)	47.4 (11.6)	.94*
Comorbidities—n (%)
Hypertension	21 (63.6)	19 (55.9)	22 (64.7)	.71†
Cardiopathy	0	2 (5.9)	0	.32‡
Asthma/KOPB	3 (9.1)	2 (5.9)	1 (2.9)	.52‡
Obesity (BMI > 30)	10 (30.3)	5 (14.7)	9 (26.5)	.29†
Hypothyreosis	0	1 (2.9)	2 (5.9)	.77‡
Hyperthyreosis	1 (3.0)	2 (5.9)	0	.54‡
Hyperlipidemia	2 (6.1)	2 (5.9)	4 (11.8)	.72‡
Gastritis	1 (3.0)	3 (8.8)	1 (2.9)	.61‡
Smoking	15 (45.5)	15 (41.2)	16 (47.1)	.88†
Other	2 (6.1)	3 (8.8)	3 (8.58)	>.99‡
Medications—n (%)
ACE inhibitors	14 (42.4)	18 (52.9)	19 (55.9)	.51†
Beta-adrenergic blockers	5 (15.2)	6 (17.6)	5 (14.7)	.93†
Calcium channel blockers	2 (6.1)	2 (5.9)	2 (5.9)	>.99‡
Alpha—adrenergic blockers	1 (3.0)	1 (2.9)	2 (5.9)	>.99†
Statins	4 (12.1)	4 (11.8)	6 (17.6)	.81‡
Thyreostatics	1 (3.0)	2 (5.9)	0	.54‡
Levothyroxine	0	1 (2.9)	2 (5.9)	.77‡
Bronchodilators	3 (9.1)	2 (5.9)	1 (2.9)	.52‡
Proton pump inhibitors	1 (3.0)	2 (5.9)	1 (2.9)	>.99‡
Other	0	1 (2.9)	0	>.99‡

ASA = American Society of Anesthesiologists, BMI = body mass index, h = hour, M (SD) = mean (standard deviation), MAC = minimum alveolar concentration; min = minutes, n (%) = number (percentage).

^*1-way ANOVA.

^†χ² test.

^‡Fisher’s exact test.