Table 1.
Characteristics of participants (n = 200).
| All | Male | Female | p | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| (n = 200) | (n = 122) | (n = 78) | ||
| Age (yr) | 74.68 ± 8.37 | 75.39 ± 8.70 | 73.56 ± 7.73 | .109 |
| Weight (kg) | 67.78 ± 12.21 | 72.77 ± 10.40 | 59.98 ± 10.70 | <.001 |
| Height (cm) | 164.44 ± 7.94 | 169.08 ± 5.85 | 157.18 ± 4.65 | <.001 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 24.99 ± 3.73 | 25.44 ± 3.29 | 24.28 ± 4.27 | .033 |
| Hb (g/L) | 131.34 ± 15.28 | 136.18 ± 14.60 | 123.76 ± 13.15 | <.001 |
| Alb (g/L) | 38.51 ± 3.59 | 38.44 ± 3.29 | 38.60 ± 4.04 | .757 |
| BUN (mmol/L) | 5.79 ± 2.07 | 6.00 ± 2.22 | 5.45 ± 1.76 | .064 |
| eGFR (mL/(min·1.73 m2)) | 78.04 ± 17.21 | 77.65 ± 17.11 | 78.67 ± 17.45 | .682 |
| HbA1c (%) | 6.48 ± 1.31 | 6.53 ± 1.35 | 6.41 ± 1.24 | .556 |
| Systolic pressure (mm Hg) | 131.02 ± 13.98 | 131.06 ± 14.40 | 130.95 ± 13.37 | .957 |
| Hypertension, n (%) | 138 (69.0) | 87 (71.3) | 51 (65.3) | .377 |
| Diabetes, n (%) | 79 (39.5) | 49 (40.2) | 30 (38.5) | .810 |
| Cardiovascular disease, n (%) | 51 (25.5) | 36 (29.5) | 15 (19.2) | .104 |
| PhA (°) | 4.43 ± 0.73 | 4.66 ± 0.69 | 4.05 ± 0.62 | <.001 |
| SMD (HU) | 30.90 ± 7.20 | 33.37 ± 6.15 | 27.05 ± 7.07 | <.001 |
| SMA (cm2) | 111.53 ± 27.89 | 127.54 ± 21.57 | 86.50 ± 15.46 | <.001 |
| SMI (cm2/m2) | 40.89 ± 8.31 | 44.64 ± 7.30 | 35.02 ± 6.13 | <.001 |
Alb = albumin, BMI = body mass index, BUN = blood urea nitrogen, eGFR = estimated glomerular filtration rate, Hb = hemoglobin, HbA1c = Glycosylated hemoglobin, HU = Hounsfield units, PhA = phase angle, SMA = skeletal muscle area, SMD = skeletal muscle density, SMI = skeletal muscle area index.