Table 3.

Characteristic function groups of paper.

Functional group	Wavenumbers (cm−1)	Intensity %	Characteristic
O–H stretching broadband	3334	90.9	Is characteristic for stretching vibration of the hydroxyl group in polysaccharides. This band includes inter-and intra-molecular hydrogen bond vibrations in cellulose
C–H stretching vibration band	2910; 2850	93.5; 93.9, respectively	Hydrocarbon constituent in polysaccharides
C=O unconjugated band	1739	91.9
C=O conjugated and H–O–H	1624	96.6	Correspond to vibration of water molecules absorbed in cellulose
CH2–COH	1428	92.0	Associated with the amount of the crystalline structure of cellulose
C–O	1160; 1108; 1053; 1029	84, 80, 72 and 72, respectively	Cellulose polymerization

Data from Abdel-Maksoud and Khattab⁷⁴.