TABLE 3.
Differences in the percentage of products using marketing techniques, health, and nutritional claims according to the front of package warning labels policy status, cross sectional analysis.
| n (2019) | Pre-implementation (2019) | n (2020) | Post-implementation (2020) | Difference (%) | P-value | |
| (1) Marketing techniques | ||||||
| % of “not high-in” products with at least one marketing technique | 216 | 77.8 | 363 | 72.2 | –5.6 | 0.136 |
| Beverages | 109 | 82.6 | 192 | 63.0 | –19.6 | <0.001 |
| Foods | 107 | 72.9 | 171 | 82.5 | 9.6 | 0.058 |
| % of “high-in” products with at least one marketing technique | 352 | 73.6 | 351 | 82.1 | 8.5 | 0.007 |
| Beverages | 81 | 55.6 | 61 | 68.9 | 13.3 | 0.107 |
| Foods | 271 | 79.0 | 290 | 84.8 | 5.8 | 0.071 |
| % of total products with at least one marketing technique | 568 | 75.0 | 714 | 77.0 | 2.0 | 0.407 |
| Beverages | 190 | 71.1 | 253 | 64.4 | –6.7 | 0.141 |
| Foods | 378 | 77.3 | 461 | 84.0 | 6.7 | 0.014 |
| (2) Health claims | ||||||
| % of “not high-in” products with at least one health claim | 216 | 32.9 | 363 | 41.6 | 8.7 | 0.037 |
| Beverages | 109 | 34.9 | 192 | 43.2 | 8.3 | 0.155 |
| Foods | 107 | 30.8 | 171 | 39.8 | 9 | 0.132 |
| % of “high-in” products with at least one health claim | 352 | 18.2 | 351 | 18.2 | 0 | 0.986 |
| Beverages | 81 | 18.5 | 61 | 47.5 | 29 | <0.001 |
| Foods | 271 | 18.1 | 290 | 12.1 | –6.0 | 0.046 |
| % of total products with at least one health claim | 568 | 23.8 | 714 | 30.1 | 6.3 | 0.011 |
| Beverages | 190 | 27.9 | 253 | 44.3 | 16.4 | <0.001 |
| Food | 378 | 21.7 | 461 | 22.3 | 0.6 | 0.806 |
| (3) Nutritional claims | ||||||
| % of “not high-in” products with at least one nutritional claim | 216 | 79.2 | 363 | 81.3 | 2.1 | 0.537 |
| Beverages | 109 | 87.2 | 192 | 91.7 | 4.5 | 0.209 |
| Foods | 107 | 71.0 | 171 | 69.6 | –1.4 | 0.799 |
| % of “high-in” products with at least one nutritional claim | 352 | 52.8 | 351 | 47.6 | –5.2 | 0.163 |
| Beverages | 81 | 87.7 | 61 | 78.7 | –9.0 | 0.151 |
| Foods | 271 | 42.4 | 290 | 41.0 | –1.4 | 0.737 |
| % of total products with at least one nutritional claim | 568 | 62.9 | 714 | 64.7 | 1.8 | 0.492 |
| Beverages | 190 | 87.4 | 253 | 88.5 | 1.1 | 0.707 |
| Foods | 378 | 50.5 | 461 | 51.6 | 1.1 | 0.752 |
“High-in” products are products exceeding at least one parameter in sugar, saturated fats or containing trans-fat according to the first phase of the Peruvian law.
Comparisons of proportions of marketing techniques and claims in products from pre- vs. post-implementation period were made using Chi-squared and Fisher’s exact tests. Bold values represent p < 0.05.