. 2022 Oct;18(10):574–585.

Table 3.

Vascular Anatomy, Endoscopic Correlation, and Management of Gastric Varices⁴^,¹⁰

Saad-Caldwell Type	Feeding Vessels	Gastrorenal Shunt	Endoscopic Correlate	Treatment
Type 1a	LGV	Absent	GOV1s	EVL ± TIPS (with or without trans-TIPS embolization)^a
Type 1b	LGV	Present	GOV1s	EVL ± TIPS (with or without trans-TIPS embolization)^a
Type 2a	PGVs, SGVs	Absent	IGV1s > GOV2s	ECI, ATO
Type 2b	PGVs, SGVs	Present	IGV1s > GOV2s	RTO ± ATO
Type 3a	LGV, PGVs, SGVs	Absent	GOV2s > IGV1s	TIPS with embolization, ECI, ATO
Type 3b	LGV, PGVs, SGVs	Present	GOV2s > IGV1s	RTO ± ATO, EVL ± TIPS^a

^aTIPS is recommended for GOV1s and GOV2s (arising from the LGV) refractory to EVL.

ATO, antegrade transvenous obliteration; ECI, endoscopic cyanoacrylate injection; EVL, endoscopic variceal ligation; GOVs, gastroesophageal varices; IGVs, isolated gastric varices; LGV, left gastric vein; PGVs, posterior gastric veins; RTO, retrograde transvenous obliteration; SGVs, short gastric veins; TIPS, transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt.