Table 4.
Maternal and child characteristic based on anthropometric failure (overall prevalence of undernutrition using CIAF) and other undernutrition (n = 330)
| Characteristics | Anthropometric Failure using the CIAF n (%) | Conventional Anthropometric index | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Underweight n (%) | Stunting n (%) | Wasting n (%) | ||
| Maternal Characteristics | ||||
| Age | ||||
| < 25 years | 31 (22.3) | 18 (19.6) | 24 (24.5) | 6 (71.1) |
| ≥ 25 years | 108 (77.7) | 74 (80.4) | 74 (75.5) | 29 (82.9) |
| Height | ||||
| Short (< 150 cm) | 80 (57.6) | 55 (59.8) | 63 (64.3) | 15 (42.9) |
| Tall (≥ 150 cm) | 59 (42.4) | 37 (40.2) | 35 (35.7) | 20 (57.1) |
| Education | ||||
| Low | 99 (71.2) | 66 (71.7) | 74 (75.5) | 23 (65.7) |
| High | 40 (28.8) | 26 (28.3) | 24 (24.5) | 12 (34.3) |
| Working Status | ||||
| Unemployed | 107 (77.0) | 72 (78.3) | 70 (71.4) | 30 (85.7) |
| Employed | 32 (23.0) | 20 (21.7) | 28 (28.6) | 5 (14.3) |
| Family Income | ||||
| Low (below the regional minimum wage) | 15 (55.6) | 14 (56.0) | 3 (60.0) | 15 (55.6) |
| High (equal or more than the regional minimum wage) | 12 (44.4) | 11 (44.0) | 2 (40.0) | 12 (44.4) |
| Parity | ||||
| Primiparity | 28 (20.1) | 19 (20.7) | 20 (20.4) | 7 (20.0) |
| Multiparity | 93 (66.9) | 62 (67.4) | 65 (66.3) | 25 (71.4) |
| Grand multiparity | 18 (12.9) | 11 (12.0) | 13 (13.3) | 3 (8.6) |
| Nutrition knowledge | ||||
| Not good | 103 (74.1) | 68 (73.9) | 72 (73.5) | 28 (80.0) |
| Good | 36 (25.9) | 24 (26.1) | 26 (26.5) | 7 (20.0) |
| Parenting | ||||
| Other | 16 (11.5) | 11 (12.0) | 15 (15.3) | 2 (5.7) |
| Mother | 123 (88.5) | 81 (88.0) | 83 (4.7) | 33 (94.3) |
| Child Characteristics | ||||
| Sex | ||||
| Male | 72 (51.8) | 48 (52.2) | 53 (54.1) | 16 (45.7) |
| Female | 67 (48.2) | 44 (47.8) | 45 (45.9) | 19 (54.3) |
| Age | ||||
| 0–24 months | 47 (33.8) | 28 (30.4) | 23 (35.5) | 24 (68.6) |
| 25–59 months | 92 (66.2) | 64 (69.6) | 75 (76.5) | 11 (31.4) |
| History of Infectious Diseases | ||||
| Yes | 92 (66.2) | 59 (64.1) | 65 (66.3) | 25 (71.4) |
| No | 47 (33.8) | 33 (35.9) | 33 (33.7) | 10 (28.6) |
| History of Immunization | ||||
| Ungiven | 14 (10.1) | 8 (8.7) | 7 (7.1) | 5 (14.3) |
| Incomplete | 69 (49.6) | 46 (50.0) | 48 (49.0) | 17 (48.6) |
| Complete | 56 (40.3) | 38 (41.3) | 43 (43.9) | 13 (37.1) |
| Early Initiation of Breastfeeding | ||||
| No | 101 (72.7) | 66 (71.7) | 73 (74.5) | 25 (71.4) |
| Yes | 38 (27.3) | 26 (28.3) | 25 (25.5) | 10 (28.6) |
| Frequency consumption of energy sources | ||||
| Low (< 3x/day) | 10 (7.4) | 7 (7.8) | 2 (2.1) | 3 (9.1) |
| High (≥ 3x/day) | 125 (92.6) | 83 (92.2) | 94 (97.9) | 30 (90.9) |
| Frequency consumption of protein sources | ||||
| Low (< 3x/day) | 27 (20.6) | 15 (17.2) | 16 (17.2) | 10 (31.3) |
| High (≥ 3x/day) | 104 (79.4) | 72 (82.8) | 77 (82.8) | 22 (68.8) |
| Environment sanitation and clean living behaviour | ||||
| Ambient room temperature | ||||
| Uncomfortable (< 20.5 °C and > 27.2 °C) | 62 (78.5) | 44 (81.5) | 46 (79.3) | 12 (75.0 |
| Comfortable (20.5 °C–27.2 °C) | 17 (21.5) | 10 (18.5) | 12 (20.7) | 4 (25.0) |
| Home’s Relative Humidity | ||||
| Uncomfortable (< 40% and > 70%) | 65 (86.7) | 41 (82.0) | 46 (85.2) | 16 (100.0) |
| Comfortable (40–70%) | 10 (13.3) | 9 (18.0) | 8 (14.8) | 0 (0.0) |
| Cooking water source | ||||
| Unprotected springs | 5 (3.6) | 4 (4.3) | 4 (4.1) | 0 (0.0) |
| Protected springs | 134 (96.4) | 88 (95.7) | 94 (95.9) | 35 (100.0) |
| Handwashing habit | ||||
| Not good | 70 (50.4) | 43 (46.7) | 53 (54.1) | 16 (45.7) |
| Good | 69 (49.6) | 49 (53.3) | 45 (45.9) | 19 (54.3) |
| Defecation habit | ||||
| Open place | 3 (2.2) | 3 (3.3) | 2 (2.0) | 0 (0.0) |
| Toilet | 136 (97.8) | 89 (96.7) | 96 (98.0) | 35 (100.0) |