Table 5.
Factors associated with undernutrition (underweight, stunting, wasting and anthropometric failure) in children under five years old
| Characteristics | Underweight | Stunting | Wasting | Anthropometric Failure using the CIAF | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| P-value | OR (95% CI) | P-value | OR (95% CI) | P-value | OR (95% CI) | P-value | OR (95% CI) | |
| A. Mother Characteristics | ||||||||
| Age | 0.189 | 0.64 (0.35–1.16) | 0.967 | 0.95 (0.55–1.64) | 0.343 | 0.59 (0.23–1.46) | 0.374 | 0.77 (0.46–1.28) |
| Height | 0.028 | 1.78 (1.09–2.90) | 0.001 | 2.36 (1.45–3.85) | 0.510 | 0.74 (0.36–1.50) | 0.017 | 1.75 (1.13–2.73) |
| Education | 0.173 | 1.49 (0.88–2.52) | 0.018 | 1.65 (1.15–3.32) | 1.000 | 1.01 (0.48–2.12) | 0.078 | 1.56 (0.98–2.50) |
| Working Status | 0.670 | 0.84 (0.46–1.52) | 0.013 | 0.47 (0.27–0.83) | 0.531 | 1.53 (0.57–4.12) | 0.248 | 0.70 (0.40–1.20) |
| Family Income | 0.043 | 4.11 (1.19–14.13) | 0.362 | 1.91 (0.65–5.60) | 0.898 | 1.76 (0.27–11.47) | 0.348 | 1.93 (0.66–5.65) |
| Parity | 0.617 | – | 0.620 | – | 0.551 | – | 0.379 | – |
| Nutrition knowledge | 0.871 | 1.09 (0.63–1.87) | 0.951 | 1.05 (0.62–1.80) | 0.412 | 1.57 (0.66–3.72) | 0.724 | 1.13 (0.67–1.85) |
| Parenting | 0.434 | 1.48 (0.68–3.22) | 0.029 | 2.44 (1.15–5.15) | 0.629 | 0.56 (0.13–2.44) | 0.351 | 1.53 (0.73–3.20) |
| B. Child Characteristics | ||||||||
| Sex | 0.662 | 1.15 (0.71–1.86) | 0.360 | 1.28 (0.80–2.06) | 0.749 | 0.84 (0.41–1.69) | 0.589 | 1.16 (0.75–1.80) |
| Age | < 0.001 | 0.36 (0.21–0.60) | < 0.001 | 0.22 (0.13–0.37) | 0.018 | 2.59 (1.22–5.47) | < 0.001 | 0.36 (0.23–0.57) |
| History of Infectious Diseases | 0.302 | 1.34 (0.81–2.20) | 0.106 | 1.54 (0.94–2.53) | 0.165 | 1.84 (0.85–3.97) | 0.034 | 1.67 (106–2.63) |
| History of Immunization | 0.821 | – | 0.450 | – | 0.426 | – | 0.526 | – |
| Early Initiation of Breastfeeding | 0.173 | 0.67 (0.40–1.13) | 0.034 | 0.55 (0.32–0.93) | 0.550 | 0.73 (0.34–1.59) | 0.026 | 0.57 (0.35–0.91) |
| Frequency consumption of energy sources | 0.218 | 0.53 (0.22–1.28) | 0.001 | 0.11 (0.02–0.45) | 0.820 | 0.72 (0.21–2.51) | 0.047 | 0.43 (0.20–0.94) |
| Frequency consumption of protein sources | 0.015 | 0.44 (0.24–0.83) | 0.010 | 0.43 (0.23–0.80) | 0.765 | 1.23 (0.55–2.73) | 0.024 | 0.52 (0.30–0.90) |
| Environment Sanitation and Clean Living Behaviour | ||||||||
| Room temperature | 0.618 | 1.32 (0.60–2.93) | 0.955 | 1.10 (0.52–2.34) | 0.477 | 0.82 (0.25–2.70) | 1.000 | 1.03 (0.51–2.08) |
| Humidity | 0.284 | 0.54 (0.22–1.35) | 0.756 | 0.77 (0.31–1.94) | 0.103 | – | 1.000 | 0.91 (0.38–2.20) |
| Cooking water source | 0.098 | 3.56 (0.78–16.23) | 0.120 | 3.25 (0.71–14.80) | 0.764 | – | 0.230 | 3.53 (0.67–18.45) |
| Hand washing habit | 0.218 | 0.71 (0.44–1.16) | 0.842 | 1.08 (0.67–1.73) | 0.484 | 0.73 (0.36–1.47) | 0.533 | 0.85 (0.55–1.31) |
| Defecation habit | 0.394 | 1.57 (0.37–6.71) | 0.559 | 0.78 (0.16–3.95) | 0.404 | – | 0.545 | 0.82 (0.19–3.50) |