Table 2.
Above (2a): Systolic strain normal values by age and gender (HUNT study [23]); values considered abnormal if > 2 standard deviations (SD) from the mean. Below (2b): Global Longitudinal Strain (GLS) normal values (%, SD) by vendor, age, and gender (JUSTICE study
[24])
| Age (years) | End systolic strain (%, SD) | Peak systolic strain rate (s−1, SD) | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Female | Male | Female | Male | |||||
| < 40 | − 17.9 (2.1) | − 16.8 (2.0) | − 1.09 (0.28) | − 1.01 (0.13) | ||||
| 40–60 | − 17.6 (2.1) | − 18.8 (2.2) | − 1.06 (0.13) | − 1.01 (0.12) | ||||
| > 60 | − 15.9 (2.4) | − 15.5 (2.4) | − 0.97 (0.14) | − 0.97 (0.14) | ||||
| Overall | − 17.4 (2.3) | − 15.9 (2.3) | − 1.05 (0.13) | 1.01 (0.13) | ||||
| Age (years) | GLS: Vivid 7 (GE Healthcare) | GLS: iE33 (Philips) | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Male | Female | Overall | Male | Female | Overall | |||
| 0–19 | − 21.7 (3.1) | − 22.4 (1.6) | − 22.1 (2.4) | − 19.4 (2.7) | − 20.5 (2.2) | − 19.9 (2.5) | ||
| 20–29 | − 20.9 (1.9) | − 22.3 (1.6) | − 21.2 (1.9) | − 18.8 (2.0) | − 20.6 (2.3) | − 19.0 (2.1) | ||
| 30–39 | − 20.6 (1.9) | − 22.8 (1.8) | − 21.1 (2.1) | − 19.1 (2.3) | − 20.2 (2.0) | − 19.5 (2.2) | ||
| 40–49 | − 20.9 (1.8) | − 22.6 (2.1) | − 21.4 (2.0) | − 17.9 (2.8) | − 19.3 (0.9) | − 18.2 (2.5) | ||
| 50–59 | − 21.0 (1.9) | − 23.3 (1.9) | − 21.0 (2.2) | − 16.9 (2.3) | − 20.4 (1.5) | − 17.6 (2.5) | ||
| ≥ 60 | − 19.7 (1.4) | − 20.9 (2.1) | − 20.3 (1.9) | − 15.8 (1.4) | − 17.3 (2.3) | − 16.7 (2.1) | ||