Table 2.
Descriptive statistics, analysis of variance, T-tests, and correlation analysis for the variables
| Min. | Max. | M | SD | F | t | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| HP T1 | 5 | 25 | 10.520 | 3.669 | 0.119 | −0.493 | |||||||||||
| HP T2 | 5 | 22 | 10.643 | 3.351 | 0.746 | 0.835 | 0.562** | ||||||||||
| HP T3 | 5 | 25 | 9.941 | 3.824 | 0.981 | 3.725*** | 0.293** | 0.355** | |||||||||
| Au T1 | 14 | 49 | 32.547 | 5.733 | 0.119 | −0.498 | −0.266** | −0.232** | −0.242** | ||||||||
| Au T2 | 13 | 49 | 32.418 | 5.768 | 0.745 | 0.826 | −0.151** | −0.261** | −0.304** | 0.617** | |||||||
| Au T3 | 12 | 49 | 31.703 | 5.945 | 0.981 | 3.718*** | −0.166** | −0.225** | −0.283** | 0.504** | 0.460** | ||||||
| DS T1 | 7 | 26 | 11.684 | 4.048 | 0.119 | −0.494 | 0.245** | 0.252** | 0.269** | −0.521** | −0.418** | −0.337** | |||||
| DS T2 | 0 | 21 | 4.626 | 4.050 | 0.745 | 0.832 | 0.128** | 0.195** | 0.303** | −0.416** | −0.519** | −0.399** | 0.509** | ||||
| DS T3 | 0 | 44 | 15.522 | 6.663 | 0.981 | 3.723*** | 0.026 | 0.025 | 0.183** | −0.168** | −0.230** | −0.257** | 0.225** | 0.337** | |||
| AS T1 | 7 | 26 | 11.770 | 3.784 | 0.119 | −0.486 | 0.249** | 0.250** | 0.247** | −0.493** | −0.412** | −0.329** | 0.820** | 0.503** | 0.286** | ||
| AS T2 | 0 | 21 | 4.840 | 3.949 | 0.745 | 0.834 | 0.164** | 0.239** | 0.304** | −0.388** | −0.506** | −0.396** | 0.477** | 0.874** | 0.352** | 0.524** | |
| AS T3 | 0 | 42 | 5.693 | 8.386 | 0.981 | 3.728*** | 0.098 | 0.101* | 0.293** | −0.265** | −0.290** | −0.293** | 0.366** | 0.428** | 0.410** | 0.351** | 0.427** |
The F value represents the outcome of the age variance test, and the t value illustrates the result of the gender difference test
HP Helicopter Parenting, Au Autonomy, DS Depressive Symptoms, AS Anxiety Symptoms, T1, T2, T3 Time 1, 2, and 3, respectively
*p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001