TABLE 1.
Baseline features for UK Biobank participants by glucosamine use.
| Characteristics | Overall | Glucosamine non-user | Glucosamine user |
| No. of participants | 453,645 (100%) | 365,421 (80.6%) | 88224 (19.4%) |
| Age (median [IQR]) | 57.00 [50.00, 63.00] | 56.00 [49.00, 62.00] | 60.00 [54.00, 64.00] |
| Female (%) | 245,726 (54.2) | 190,906 (52.2) | 54,820 (62.1) |
| Ethnic background (%) | |||
| Others | 27,058 (6.0) | 22,920 (6.3) | 4,138 (4.7) |
| White | 426,587 (94.0) | 342,501 (93.7) | 84,086 (95.3) |
| Average total household income (£) | |||
| <18,000 | 104,696 (23.1) | 85,619 (23.4) | 19,077 (21.6) |
| 18,000–30,999 | 116,336 (25.6) | 91,256 (25.0) | 25,080 (28.4) |
| 31,000–51,999 | 117,769 (26.0) | 94,472 (25.9) | 23,297 (26.4) |
| 52,000–100,000 | 90,343 (19.9) | 73,781 (20.2) | 16,562 (18.8) |
| >100,000 | 24,501 (5.4) | 20,293 (5.6) | 4,208 (4.8) |
| Obesity (%) | 111,030 (24.5) | 90,483 (24.8) | 20,547 (23.3) |
| Physical activity (Min/Week) | |||
| <150 | 184,836 (40.7) | 153,841 (42.1) | 30,995 (35.1) |
| ≥150 | 268,809 (59.3) | 211,580 (57.9) | 57,229 (64.9) |
| Current smoking (%) | 48,396 (10.7) | 42,595 (11.7) | 5,801 (6.6) |
| Alcohol intake (times/week) | |||
| <1 | 139,549 (30.7) | 115,251 (31.5) | 24,298 (27.5) |
| 1–2 | 117,466 (25.9) | 95,206 (26.1) | 22,260 (25.2) |
| 3–4 | 105,022 (23.2) | 82,919 (22.7) | 22,103 (25.1) |
| >4 | 91,608 (20.2) | 72,045 (19.7) | 19,563 (22.2) |
| Minerals supplementation (%) | 60,222 (13.3) | 38,283 (10.5) | 21,939 (24.9) |
| Fruit intake (pieces/day) | |||
| <2.0 | 161,936 (35.7) | 137,628 (37.7) | 24,308 (27.6) |
| 2.0–3.9 | 218,450 (48.2) | 171,995 (47.1) | 46,455 (52.7) |
| ≥4.0 | 73,259 (16.1) | 55,798 (15.3) | 17,461 (19.8) |
| Vegetable intake (tablespoons/day) | |||
| <2.0 | 28,455 (6.3) | 25,084 (6.9) | 3,371 (3.8) |
| 2.0–3.9 | 129,515 (28.5) | 107,350 (29.4) | 22,165 (25.1) |
| ≥4.0 | 295,675 (65.2) | 232,987 (63.8) | 62,688 (71.1) |
| Processed meat intake (times/week) | |||
| 0 | 42,600 (9.4) | 33,712 (9.2) | 8,888 (10.1) |
| 0–1 | 137,779 (30.4) | 107,724 (29.5) | 30,055 (34.1) |
| >1 | 273,266 (60.2) | 223,985 (61.3) | 49,281 (55.9) |
| Pork intake (times/week) | |||
| 0 | 79,298 (17.5) | 64,848 (17.7) | 14,450 (16.4) |
| 0–1 | 257,310 (56.7) | 205,402 (56.2) | 51,908 (58.8) |
| >1 | 117,037 (25.8) | 95,171 (26.0) | 21,866 (24.8) |
| Lamb mutton intake (times/week) | |||
| 0 | 81,655 (18.0) | 66,771 (18.3) | 14,884 (16.9) |
| 0–1 | 256,877 (56.6) | 205,673 (56.3) | 51,204 (58.0) |
| >1 | 115,113 (25.4) | 92,977 (25.4) | 22,136 (25.1) |
| Beef intake (times/week) | |||
| 0 | 51,003 (11.2) | 41,338 (11.3) | 9,665 (11.0) |
| 0–1 | 206,216 (45.5) | 164,433 (45.0) | 41,783 (47.4) |
| >1 | 196,426 (43.3) | 159,650 (43.7) | 36,776 (41.7) |
| Poultry intake (times/week) | |||
| 0 | 23,599 (5.2) | 19,241 (5.3) | 4,358 (4.9) |
| 0–1 | 48,508 (10.7) | 39,445 (10.8) | 9,063 (10.3) |
| >1 | 381,538 (84.1) | 306,735 (83.9) | 74,803 (84.8) |
| Aspirin use (%) | 61,956 (13.7) | 50,414 (13.8) | 11,542 (13.1) |
| NSAIDS use (%) | 52,813 (11.6) | 43,898 (12.0) | 8,915 (10.1) |
| Chondroitin use (%) | 4,491 (1.0) | 1,016 (0.3) | 3,475 (3.9) |
| Vitamin use (%) | 78,022 (17.2) | 52,767 (14.4) | 25,255 (28.6) |