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. 2022 Nov 2;10:1003936. doi: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.1003936

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Copyright © 2022 Mitchell and Lo.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Example methodology of in vitro analysis for craniofacial and dentoalveolar tissue engineering. Meticulous selection of small molecules with favorable osteogenic properties and stem cell lineages from craniofacial or dentoalveolar tissues. Media imbued with small molecules are typically inoulated with stem cells and later assessed for expression of osteogenic markers and cellular differentiation. Cumulative change in biological functions (e.g.,angiogenesis and bone mineralization) are then evaluated.