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. 2022 Nov 2;13:994847. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.994847

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Copyright © 2022 Mageshwaran, Gupta, Singh, Sahu, Singh, Chakdar, Bagul, Paul and Singh.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Effect of bacterial endophytes inoculation on expression of PR genes (A, R. solani pre-challenged; B, S. rolfsii pre-challenged; C, F. oxysporum f. sp. ciceri pre-challenged) Treatment details: UC-Uninoculated (negative control in which neither pathogen nor bacterial strain inoculated). A1, B1, C1 – Positive control of R. solani, S. rolfsii, and F. oxysporum f. sp. ciceri, respectively in which only pathogen inoculated. A2, B2, C2 – Respective pathogen + B. subtilis strain TRO4 inoculated. A3, B3, C3 – Respective pathogen + B. subtilis strain CLO5 inoculated. RC, Resistant cultivar.