TABLE 2.
Demographics and overnight PSG measurements in normal controls and chronic insomniacs subtypes.
| Normal controls (n = 21) | CIs with SE ≥ 85% (n = 13) | CIs with SE < 85% (n = 18) | ν | F/χ 2/H | P1 | CIs with MSL < 15 min (n = 15) | CIs with MSL ≥ 15 min (n = 16) | ν | F/χ 2/H | P2 | |
| Age (y) | 34.76 (8.38) | 34.54 (6.72) | 36.50 (12.88) | 2 | 0.061 | 0.970 H | 36.33 (10.93) | 35.06 (10.79) | 2 | 0.117 | 0.890 F |
| Sex (m/f) | 3/18 | 3/10 | 7/11 | 2 | 3.156 | 0.206χ2 | 5/10 | 5/11 | 2 | 2.793 | 0.247χ2 |
| MSL (min) | 12.20 (3.86) | 13.09 (2.40)c | 16.33 (3.45)b | 2 | 7.527 | 0.001F | 11.96 (1.47)f | 17.79 (1.95)e | 2 | 27.422 | <0.001H |
| ESS | 7.24 (4.25) | 7.69 (5.25) | 4.44 (4.61) | 2 | 5.049 | 0.080H | 5.67 (5.45) | 5.94 (4.88) | 2 | 1.071 | 0.585H |
| TST (min) | 445.11 (43.77) | 459.42 (35.59)c | 355.68 (82.10)b | 2 | 20.492 | <0.001H | 433.27 (59.82) | 367.24 (92.08)e | 2 | 10.695 | 0.005H |
| SE (%) | 88.51 (7.86) | 90.38 (3.78)c | 69.60 (15.97)b | 2 | 26.522 | <0.001H | 84.76 (9.02) | 72.26 (19.00)e | 2 | 11.534 | 0.003H |
| SOL (min) | 12.52 (13.79) | 11.90 (9.30) | 46.31 (69.52)b | 2 | 7.116 | 0.029H | 10.68 (7.35)f | 51.75 (72.26)e | 2 | 10.005 | 0.007H |
| WASO (min) | 45.07 (32.75) | 33.22(18.30)c | 106.23 (56.78)b | 2 | 19.067 | <0.001H | 65.51 (43.49) | 85.08 (68.13) | 2 | 3.449 | 0.178H |
| NREM (min) | 355.01 (30.39) | 363.48 (43.82)c | 292.50 (60.16)b | 2 | 12.233 | <0.001F | 347.07 (51.15)f | 299.01 (67.37)e | 2 | 6.225 | 0.004F |
| N1 (min) | 70.26 (42.37) | 58.27 (16.88) | 64.59 (32.26) | 2 | 0.173 | 0.917H | 59.51 (22.41) | 64.22 (30.78) | 2 | 0.097 | 0.952H |
| N2 (min) | 251.68 (39.62) | 289.41 (48.39)c | 195.74 (52.53)b | 2 | 16.049 | <0.001F | 261.67 (65.12)f | 210.04 (63.89) | 2 | 3.886 | 0.027F |
| N3 (min) | 33.10 (25.22) | 15.69 (18.89) | 31.89 (27.89) | 2 | 4.356 | 0.113 H | 25.47 (25.07) | 24.75 (26.69) | 2 | 2.324 | 0.313H |
| REM (min) | 90.25 (28.98) | 95.97 (29.81)c | 63.38 (30.89)b | 2 | 5.722 | 0.006F | 86.55 (24.24) | 68.13 (40.04) | 2 | 2.402 | 0.101F |
PSG, polysomnography; TST, total sleep time; SOL, sleep onset latency; WASO, wake after sleep onset; N1, duration of non-rapid eye movement sleep stage 1; N2, duration of non-rapid eye movement sleep stage 2; N3, duration of non-rapid eye movement sleep stage 3; NREM, time of whole non-rapid eye movement sleep; REM, rapid eye movement sleep time; SE, sleep efficiency; MSL, mean sleep latency of four multiple sleep latency tests; ESS, Epworth Sleepiness Scale; CIs, Chronic Insomniacs. P1, significance among Normal Controls, CIs with SE ≥ 85% and CIs with SE < 85%; P2, significance among Normal Controls, CIs with MSL < 15 min and CIs with MSL ≥ 15 min. F, comparison among Normal Controls and Chronic Insomnia subgroups by Analysis of Variance (ANOVA); H, comparison among Normal Controls and Chronic Insomnia subgroups by Kruskal-Wallis H test; χ2, comparison among Normal Controls and Chronic Insomnia subgroups by Chi-square (χ2) test; bstatistically significant in post hoc analysis with Bonferroni correction between Normal Controls and CIs with SE < 85%; cstatistically significant in post hoc analysis with Bonferroni correction between CIs with SE ≥ 85% and CIs with SE < 85%; estatistically significant in post hoc analysis with Bonferroni correction between Normal Controls and CIs with MSL > 15 min; fstatistically significant in post hoc analysis with Bonferroni correction between CIs with MSL < 15 min and MSL ≥ 15 min.