Table 2.
A comparison of the outcome variables between the two groups before and after the intervention.
| Variable | T0 (mean ± SD) |
T1 (mean ± SD) |
T2 (mean ± SD) |
T3 (mean ± SD) |
F1 (P) | F2 (P) | F3 (P) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Experimental (n = 83) | Control (n = 92) | Experimental (n = 83) | Control (n = 92) | Experimental (n = 92) | Control (n = 83) | Experimental (n = 78) | Control (n = 89) | ||||
| Risk score | 67.84 ± 24.42 | 66.39 ± 29.90 | n.a. | n.a. | n.a. | n.a. | n.a. | n.a. | n.a. | n.a. | n.a. |
| t = −0.350 | n.a. | n.a. | n.a. | n.a. | n.a. | n.a. | n.a. | n.a. | n.a. | ||
| P = 0.727 | n.a. | n.a. | n.a. | n.a. | n.a. | n.a. | n.a. | n.a. | n.a. | ||
| Psychological distress | 2.70 ± 2.13 | 2.45 ± 2.21 | 1.16 ± 1.57 | 1.78 ± 1.74 | 1.07 ± 1.53 | 2.27 ± 1.27 | 0.43 ± 1.08 | 2.26 ± 1.25 | 56.245 (< 0.001) | 15.051 (< 0.001) | 37.762 (< 0.001) |
| t = −0.617 | t = −2.519 | t = −6.278 | t = −9.580 | ||||||||
| P = 0.537 | P = 0.012 | P=<0.001 | P=<0.001 | ||||||||
| Social support | 57.31 ± 7.17 | 55.66 ± 12.32 | 64.02 ± 7.34 | 58.80 ± 9.38 | 64.48 ± 8.35 | 57.73 ± 9.50 | 65.30 ± 6.42 | 58.81 ± 9.11 | 33.911 (< 0.001) | 16.465 (< 0.001) | 8.598 (< 0.001) |
| t = −0.170 | t = −3.752 | t = −4.865 | t = −4.769 | ||||||||
| P = 0.865 | P < 0.001 | P < 0.001 | P < 0.001 | ||||||||
| Coping style | 50.77 ± 4.89 | 49.54 ± 4.50 | 49.10 ± 3.51 | 50.48 ± 4.93 | 49.47 ± 3.73 | 50.02 ± 5.23 | 49.56 ± 5.25 | 51.60 ± 4.15 | 1.386 (0.250) | 1.515 (0.220) | 4.995 (0.005) |
| t = −1.702 | t = −1.486 | t = −0.203 | t = −2.372 | ||||||||
| P = 0.091 | P = 0.137 | P = 0.839 | P = 0.018 | ||||||||
| Self-esteem | 27.72 ± 4.04 | 28.17 ± 5.00 | 29.59 ± 4.34 | 27.67 ± 4.00 | 29.00 ± 4.53 | 27.44 ± 3.91 | 28.30 ± 4.70 | 27.14 ± 4.19 | 4.894 (0.006) | 2.425 (0.121) | 9.181 (< 0.001) |
| t = −0.754 | t = −3.018 | t = −2.765 | t = −2.419 | ||||||||
| P = 0.451 | P = 0.003 | P = 0.006 | P = 0.016 | ||||||||
| Mindfulness | 104.57 ± 10.87 | 111.97 ± 9.03 | 117.54 ± 9.78 | 110.88 ± 7.71 | 118.30 ± 10.05 | 110.59 ± 6.98 | 120.90 ± 11.20 | 110.31 ± 6.60 | 43.216 (< 0.001) | 17.207 (< 0.001) | 64.963 (< 0.001) |
| t = −4.746 | t = −4.540 | t = −5.138 | t = −6.568 | ||||||||
| P < 0.001 | P < 0.001 | P < 0.001 | P < 0.001 | ||||||||
| Perceived stress | 20.95 ± 4.64 | 20.48 ± 4.65 | 18.35 ± 3.86 | 19.97 ± 2.95 | 19.23 ± 3.62 | 19.55 ± 3.06 | 17.49 ± 3.61 | 19.26 ± 3.03 | 17.365 (< 0.001) | 3.755 (0.054) | 5.405 (0.002) |
| t = −1.099 | t = 3.106 | t = −1.206 | t = 3.498 | ||||||||
| P = 0.272 | P = 0.002 | P = 0.228 | P = 0.001 | ||||||||
| Perceived stigma | 75.83 ± 15.14 | 75.22 ± 16.06 | 63.57 ± 8.27 | 67.79 ± 8.87 | 62.55 ± 7.51 | 59.50 ± 7.70 | 68.58 ± 9.10 | 86.42 ± 9.10 | 87.520 (< 0.001) | 8.260 (0.005) | 12.988 (< 0.001) |
| t = −0.571 | t = −4.309 | t = −2.436 | t = 6.995 | ||||||||
| P = 0.568 | P=<0.001 | P = 0.016 | P=<0.001 | ||||||||
| Illness perception | 48.19 ± 7.81 | 46.98 ± 4.63 | 43.20 ± 7.00 | 45.00 ± 7.69 | 43.00 ± 7.49 | 45.62 ± 12.17 | 42.21 ± 7.20 | 45.13 ± 12.20 | 15.240 (< 0.001) | 2.365 (0.126) | 4.760 (0.009) |
| t = −0.782 | t = 1.571 | t = −1.080 | t = −1.539 | ||||||||
| P = 0.434 | P = 0.118 | P = 0.280 | P = 0.124 | ||||||||
T0, baseline; T1, the immediate postintervention; T2, 1-month postintervention; T3, 3 months postintervention; F1, time effect; F2, group effect; F3, group∗time effect; SD, standard deviation.