Table 4.
Radiation hazard indicators for PG in different countries, regions and organisations.
| Reference | (Al-Hwaiti et al., 2014) | (Attallah et al., 2019) | (Joel et al., 2018) | (Wang et al., 2012) | (Bangotra et al., 2018) | (Diwa et al., 2022) | (Boumala et al., 2018) | (Gryb and Thebaault, 2014; Mehboob et al., 2021) | (Khan et al., 1998) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Countries | Jordan | Egypt | Nigeria | China | India | Philippine | Algeria | Saudi Arabia | Pakistan |
| Raeq (Radium-equivalent activity)/(Bq/kg) | 366.10 ± 24.40 | 281.00 ± 8.50 | 138.44 –391. 10 | 130.00 | 125.00 | 683.10 | 690.00 | 68.10 | 527.00 |
| Iy (Gamma hazard index)/(Bq/kg) | 1.20 ± 0.10 | 0.95 ± 0.02 | 0.49–1.36 | - | 0.47 | 2.30 | - | - | - |
| Ia (Alpha hazard index)/(Bq/kg) | 1.80 ± 0.10 | 1.16 ± 0.2 | 0.19–1.21 | - | 0.18 | - | - | - | - |
| DR (absorbed dose rates)/(nGy/h) | - | - | - | 60.00 | - | 315.30 | 297.00 | 35.20 | 242.00 |
| Dout (dose rate in outdoor air) | - | 0.031 ± 0.001 | - | - | - | - | - | 217.00–849.00 | - |
| Din (dose rate in indoor air) | 337.10 ± 22.50 | 0.124 ± 0.02 | 118.73–347.77 | - | - | - | - | 429.00–1668.00 | - |
| Dannual (annual effective dose)/(mSv/year) | 1.70 ± 0.10 | 0.155 ± 0.006 | 0.65–1.77 | 0.074 | 0.36 | 0.39 | 0.36 | 0.04 | 0.234 |
| Hin (internal hazard index)/(mSv/year) | - | - | 0.49–1.71 | - | 0.35 | 3.60 | 2.25 | 2.27–9.04 | - |
| Hex (external hazard index)/(mSv/year) | - | - | 0.37–1.06 | - | 0.35 | 1.80 | 1.86 | - | - |