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. 2022 Oct 14;23(11):4597–4606. doi: 10.1021/acs.biomac.2c00840

Figure 3.

Figure 3

Hydrothermal processing for internal cross-linking of nanoparticles (HLNPs) prepared from lignin hydroxymethylated at 60 and 85 °C (HL60 and HL85). (a) Process for the preparation of cross-linked HLNPs (HL60NP and HL85NP) from their colloidal dispersions. (b) Digital images of HLNPs before and after hydrothermal processing. (c) ATR-FTIR spectra of cross-linked HLNPs and the comparison between their spectra before and after hydrothermal processing. (d) Particle size of cross-linked HLNPs in aqueous media with different pH values after 20 days. SEM images of cross-linked particles conditioned at pH 12 demonstrating their structural stability: (e) HL60NP and (f) HL85NP. Scale bars correspond to 100 nm.