Table 2.
General characteristics of older inpatients according to sex and frailty status
| Male (n = 330) | Female (n = 210) | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Non-frail (n = 227) |
Frail (n = 103) |
P- value |
Non-frail (n = 155) |
Frail (n = 55) |
P- value |
|
| Age (mean ± SD, years) | 77.08 ± 7.61 | 84.83 ± 5.85 | < 0.001 | 74.72 ± 7.40 | 83.20 ± 6.19 | < 0.001 |
| Age ≥ 80 years, n (%) | 98(43.2) | 87(84.5) | < 0.001 | 53(34.2) | 42(76.4) | < 0.001 |
| Educational level, n (%) | 0.666 | 0.105 | ||||
| ≤ 6 years | 35(15.4) | 14(13.6) | 39(25.2) | 8(14.5) | ||
| ≥ 7 years | 192(84.6) | 89(86.4) | 116(74.8) | 47(85.5) | ||
| Widowed or divorced, n (%) | 29(12.8) | 30(29.1) | < 0.001 | 45(29.0) | 23(41.8) | 0.082 |
| Current or former smoker, n (%) | 88(38.8) | 44(42.7) | 0.497 | 1(0.6) | 3(5.5) | 0.095 |
| Current or former drinker, n (%) | 78(34.4) | 46(44.7) | 0.073 | 6(3.9) | 2(3.6) | 1.000 |
| BMI (mean ± SD, kg/m2) | 24.03 ± 3.02 | 23.41 ± 3.41 | 0.107 | 23.25 ± 3.18 | 24.87 ± 4.58 | 0.018 |
| Main diagnosis on admission, n (%) | 0.016 | 0.512 | ||||
| Cardiovascular diseases | 45(19.8) | 25(24.3) | 29(18.7) | 14(25.5) | ||
| Peripheral vascular diseases | 105(46.3) | 29(28.2) | 70(45.2) | 18(32.7) | ||
| Nervous system diseases | 13(5.7) | 12(11.7) | 15(9.7) | 8(14.5) | ||
| Respiratory diseases | 33(14.5) | 23(22.3) | 8(5.2) | 3(5.5) | ||
| Other | 31(13.7) | 14(13.6) | 33(21.3) | 12(21.8) | ||
| CIRS-G [median (IQR), scores] | 8(6,11) | 11.5(8,15) | < 0.001 | 8(6,10) | 11(9,12) | < 0.001 |
| Polypharmacy (≥ 5 drugs), n (%) | 95(41.9) | 78(75.7) | < 0.001 | 57(36.8) | 34(61.8) | 0.001 |
| Time from admission to assessment [median (IQR), days] | 0(0,2) | 1(0,4) | < 0.001 | 0(0,1) | 1(0,4) | < 0.001 |
| MMSE (mean ± SD, scores) | 26.70 ± 2.51 | 24.50 ± 3.00 | < 0.001 | 26.39 ± 3.12 | 25.18 ± 3.53 | 0.018 |
| PSQI [median (IQR), scores] | 5(3,8) | 7(3,11) | 0.002 | 7(4,10) | 11(6,14) | < 0.001 |
| Poor sleep quality, n (%) | 98(43.2) | 61(59.2) | 0.007 | 100(64.5) | 43(78.2) | 0.062 |
| NRS [median (IQR), scores] | 0(0,0) | 0(0,3) | < 0.001 | 0(0,2) | 0(0,3) | 0.301 |
| Chronic pain, n (%) | 55(24.2) | 43(41.7) | 0.001 | 56(36.1) | 22(40.0) | 0.610 |
| GDS-15 [median (IQR), scores] | 1(0,2) | 2(1,5) | < 0.001 | 2(1,4) | 3(2,5) | 0.008 |
| Depressive symptoms, n (%) | 14(6.2) | 18(17.5) | 0.001 | 23(14.8) | 11(20.0) | 0.372 |
BMI body mass index, CIRS-G Cumulative Illness Rating Scale for Geriatrics, MMSE Mini-Mental State Examination, PSQI Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index,
NRS Numerical Rating Scale, GDS-15 15-item Geriatric Depression Scale, SD standard deviation, IQR interquartile range. Significance difference P < 0.05 is
shown in bold