Table 1.
Characteristics of study participants, disaggregated by control levels for diabetes and hypertension (Mysore city, Karnataka state, India), 2018
| Variables | Diabetes | Hypertension | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Good control | Fair/poor control | Controlled | Uncontrolled | |
| Frequency (%) | Frequency (%) | Frequency (%) | Frequency (%) | |
| HbA1c | 63 (29.03) | 154 (70.97) | - | - |
| SBP/DBP | - | - | 145 (58.7) | 102 (41.3) |
| Mean (Std. dev.) Age | 59.41 (11.38) | 55.80 (10.74) | 58.45 (11.93) | 56.77 (10.44) |
| Gender | ||||
| Male | 32 (30.77) | 72 (69.23) | 58 (58.59) | 41 (41.41) |
| Female | 31 (27.43) | 82 (72.57) | 87 (58.78) | 61 (41.22) |
| Caste | ||||
| OBC/Others | 55 (29.1) | 134 (70.9) | 116 (56.31) | 90 (43.69) |
| SC/ST | 8 (28.57) | 20 (71.43) | 29 (70.73) | 12 (29.27) |
| Education | ||||
| No schooling | 20 (28.99) | 49 (71.01) | 53 (62.35) | 32 (37.65) |
| Till 10th standard | 27 (25.23) | 80 (74.77) | 64 (55.65) | 51 (44.35) |
| 11th and above standard | 16 (39.02) | 25 (60.98) | 28 (59.57) | 19 (40.43) |
| Employment | ||||
| Unemployed | 40 (30.08) | 93 (69.92) | 107 (61.85) | 66 (38.15) |
| Employed | 23 (27.38) | 61 (72.62) | 38 (51.35) | 36 (48.65) |
| Duration of disease | ||||
| < 5 years | 34 (38.2) | 55 (61.8) | 56 (58.33) | 40 (41.67) |
| 5 to < 10 years | 12 (26.09) | 34 (73.91) | 34 (56.67) | 26 (43.33) |
| 10 years and above | 17 (20.73) | 65 (79.27) | 55 (60.44) | 36 (39.56) |
| Presence of co-morbidity | ||||
| No | 58 (31.69) | 125 (68.31) | 122 (58.1) | 88 (41.9) |
| Yes | 5 (14.71) | 29 (85.29) | 23 (62.16) | 14 (37.84) |
| BMI status | ||||
| Normal | 21 (31.82) | 45 (68.18) | 48 (76.19) | 15 (23.81) |
| Over weight/Obese | 42 (27.81) | 109 (72.19) | 97 (52.72) | 87 (47.28) |
| Fruits and veggies intake | ||||
| No fruits and vegetables | 24 (38.1) | 63 (72.41) | 44 (52.38) | 40 (47.62) |
| < 3 Servings | 34 (33.01) | 69 (66.99) | 77 (60.16) | 51 (39.84) |
| 3 and more servings | 5 (18.52) | 22 (81.48) | 24 (68.57) | 11 (31.43) |
| Physical Activity | ||||
| Appropriate | 29 (24.37) | 90 (75.63) | 86 (63.24) | 50 (36.76) |
| Inappropriate | 34 (34.69) | 64 (65.31) | 59 (53.15) | 52 (46.85) |
| Consumption of alcohol | ||||
| No | 51 (28.18) | 130 (71.82) | 134 (60.63) | 87 (39.37) |
| Yes | 12 (33.33) | 24 (66.67) | 11 (42.31) | 15 (57.69) |
| Consumption of tobacco | ||||
| No | 61 (31.44) | 133 (68.56) | 135 (58.44) | 96 (41.56) |
| Yes | 2 (8.7) | 21 (91.3) | 10 (62.5) | 6 (37.5) |
Note: Age-standardised cut-offs were considered for HbA1c and blood pressure levels; HbA1c < 7 among adults < 65 years, and HbA1c < 7.5% among elderly 65 years and above are considered as good control. SBP < 150 mm of Hg and DBP < 90 mm of Hg among people ≥ 60 years of age and SBP < 140 mm of Hg and DBP < 90 mm of Hg among people < 60 years of age are considered good control. Caste- OBC as Other Backwards Classes, Others as any other classes; SC as Schedule Caste and ST as Schedule tribe