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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2022 Nov 16.
Published in final edited form as: Nat Aging. 2022 Oct 12;2(10):941–955. doi: 10.1038/s43587-022-00287-9

Fig. 1. Study Design.

Fig. 1.

(A) SNFD cohort was recruited from three different SNFs. CD cohort was recruited from older adults living privately outside of a nursing home. In addition to metagenomic sampling, we collected medical histories, conducted PASE, Fried, and Rockwood Frailty Indices, administered dietary and oral hygiene surveys. Our major comparisons were within cohorts, between cohorts, and with a young adult (YA) cohort derived from our biorepository obtained with identical methods, and our and others’ previously published longitudinal YA cohorts (skin: Oh et al. 2014 & 2016, Zhou et al., 2020; oral and gut samples: Human Microbiome Project 28-30, 42. (B) Sites obtained by swab at each subject visit: face (forehead), anterior nares, oral (tongue dorsum), upper torso, upper back, antecubital fossa (Af), palmar hand, popliteal fossa (Pf), and foot (plantar surface and toe web space). Participants performed stool self-sampling. Figure adapted from Oh et al., 2014.