Table 5. Propensity score matched groups (1:6) comparing PCM vs no-PCM baseline characteristics in chronic heart failure patients undergoing CABG or valve replacement cardiac surgeries from the NIS database between 2016 and 2018 in the United States.
CABG: coronary artery bypass graft; CCI: Charlson Comorbidity Index; PCM: protein-calorie malnutrition; SD: standard deviation; NIS: National Inpatient Sample
| Variables | CABG (N=1,729) | Valve replacement (N=4,018) | ||||
| PCM (n=247,14.3%) | No PCM (n=1,482;85.7%) | p-value | PCM (n=574,14.2%) | No PCM (n=3,444; 85.7%) | p-value | |
| Age, mean (SD) | 68.8±9.3 | 68.7±9.0 | 0.86 | 74.6±12.6 | 75.0.7±12.1 | 0.45 |
| Gender, n (%) | ||||||
| Male | 165 (66.8) | 972 (65.6) | 0.71 | 304 (53.0) | 1821 (52.9) | 0.97 |
| Female | 82 (34.4) | 510 (33.2) | 270 (47.0) | 1623 (47.1) | ||
| Race, n (%) | ||||||
| White | 174 (70.4) | 1067 (72.0) | 0.90 | 469 (81.7) | 2806 (81.5) | 0.91 |
| Black | 25 (10.1) | 132 (8.9) | 44 (7.7) | 273 (7.9) | ||
| Hispanic | 22 (8.9) | 121 (8.2) | 18 (3.1) | 92 (2.7) | ||
| Other/missing | 26 (10.5) | 162 (10.9) | 43 (7.5) | 273 (7.9) | ||
| CCI, n (%) | ||||||
| Mild (1-2) | 60 (24.3) | 363 (24.5) | 1.00 | 188 (32.8) | 1129 (32.8) | 0.98 |
| Moderate (3-4) | 78 (31.6) | 465 (31.4) | 224 (39.0) | 1331 (38.6) | ||
| Severe (>5) | 109 (44.1) | 654 (44.1) | 162 (28.2) | 984 (28.6) | ||
| Primary payer, n (%) | ||||||
| Medicare/medicaid | 187 (75.7) | 1136 (76.7) | 0.77 | 478 (83.3) | 2924 (84.9) | 0.60 |
| Private insurance | 50 (20.2) | 299 (20.2) | 77 (13.4) | 421 (12.2) | ||
| Self-pay/other | 10 (4.0) | 47 (3.2) | 19 (3.3) | 99 (2.9) | ||
| Hospital length of stay, mean (SD) | 19.7±19.1 median: 14.0 | 10.0±9.6 median: 8.0 | <0.001 | 13.2±13.5 median: 9.0 | 5.8±5.9 median: 4.0 | <0.001 |