Table 3.
Clinical and behavioral outcomes at 12 months after e-cigarette– or vaping-associated lung injury diagnosis
| Measure | 12 Mo (N = 73) | 12 Mo, Inpatient (Ward and ICU) (n = 60) | 12 Mo, Outpatient (ED and Ambulatory) (n = 13) |
|---|---|---|---|
| MoCA blind total | |||
| Responded, n (%) | 64 (87.7) | 53 (88.3) | 11 (84.6) |
| Min–max | 17.7–30.0 | 17.7–30.0 | 20.5–30.0 |
| Mean (SD) | 26.1 (3.1) | 25.9 (3.1) | 26.9 (2.9) |
| ⩽25, impaired, n (%) | 25 (39.1) | 23 (43.4) | 2 (18.2) |
| >25, normal, n (%) | 39 (60.9) | 30 (56.6) | 9 (81.8) |
| SGRQ | |||
| Responded, n (%) | 62 (84.9) | 52 (86.7) | 12 (92.3) |
| Symptoms, mean (SD) | 37.1 (32.9) | 37.8 (32.7) | 33.6 (32.0) |
| Activity | 35.4 (30.2) | 36.7 (30.0) | 32.2 (35.6) |
| Impact | 25.0 (25.7) | 27.1 (26.1) | 20.2 (27.3) |
| Total | 30.3 (26.7) | 31.7 (26.6) | 26.0 (29.8) |
| <25, normal, n (%) | 32 (51.6) | 26 (50.0) | 7 (58.3) |
| ⩾25, impaired, n (%) | 30 (48.4) | 26 (50.0) | 5 (41.7) |
| mMRC scale score | |||
| Responded, n (%) | 64 (87.7) | 54 (90.0) | 10 (76.9) |
| Mean (SD) | 0.92 (1.2) | 1.0 (1.2) | 0.50 (1.0) |
| Grade, n (%) | |||
| 0 | 30 (46.9) | 23 (42.6) | 7 (70.0) |
| 1 | 22 (34.4) | 20 (37.0) | 2 (20.0) |
| 2 | 2 (3.1) | 2 (3.7) | 0 (0) |
| 3 | 7 (10.9) | 6 (11.1) | 1 (10.0) |
| 4 | 3 (4.7) | 3 (5.6) | 0 (0) |
| 0–1, normal, n (%) | 52 (81.3) | 43 (79.6) | 9 (90.0) |
| 2–4, dyspnea, n (%) | 12 (18.8) | 11 (20.4) | 1 (10.0) |
| HADS total | |||
| Responded, n (%) | 64 (87.7) | 54 (90.0) | 10 (76.9) |
| Mean (SD) | 14.7 (9.2) | 14.8 (9.3) | 14.3 (9.1) |
| ⩾8, anxiety/depression, n (%) | 38 (59.4) | 32 (59.3) | 6 (60.0) |
| HADS anxiety | |||
| Responded, n (%) | 64 (87.7) | 54 (90.0) | 10 (76.9) |
| Mean (SD) | 9.1 (5.4) | 9.2 (5.5) | 8.7 (5.5) |
| ⩾8, n (%) | 36 (56.3) | 31 (57.4) | 5 (50.0) |
| ⩾11, n (%) | 25 (39.1) | 21 (38.9) | 4 (40.0) |
| HADS depression | |||
| Responded, n (%) | 64 (87.7) | 54 (90.0) | 10 (76.9) |
| Mean (SD) | 5.6 (4.6) | 5.6 (4.7) | 5.6 (4.6) |
| ⩾8, n (%) | 22 (34.4) | 17 (31.5) | 5 (50.0) |
| ⩾11, n (%) | 8 (12.5) | 7 (13.0) | 1 (10.0) |
| IES-R | |||
| Responded, n (%) | 63 (86.3) | 53 (88.3) | 10 (76.9) |
| Avoidance, mean (SD) | 2.0 (0.9) | 2.1 (0.9) | 1.6 (0.5) |
| Intrusion | 2.1 (1.0) | 2.2 (1.1) | 1.7 (0.8) |
| Hyperarousal | 2.1 (1.1) | 2.2 (1.1) | 1.6 (0.8) |
| Total sum | 45.7 (19.9) | 47.6 (20.3) | 35.6 (14.7) |
| Total mean | 2.1 (0.9) | 2.2 (0.9) | 1.6 (0.7) |
| <1.6, normal, n (%) | 24 (38.1) | 18 (34.0) | 6 (60.0) |
| ⩾1.6, PTSD, n (%) | 39 (61.9) | 35 (66.0) | 4 (40.0) |
| Reported COVID-19 infection, n (%) | |||
| Responded | 64 (87.7) | 54 (90.0) | 10 (76.9) |
| Yes | 4 (6.3) | 4 (7.4) | 0 (0) |
| Hospitalized | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) |
| No | 55 (85.9) | 46 (85.2) | 9 (90.0) |
| Unsure | 5 (7.8) | 4 (7.4) | 1 (10.0) |
Definition of abbreviations: COVID-19 = coronavirus disease; ED = emergency department; HADS = Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale; ICU = intensive care unit; IES-R = Impact of Event Scale–Revised; max = maximum; min = minimum; mMRC = modified Medical Research Council; MoCA = Montreal Cognitive Assessment; PTSD = post-traumatic stress disorder; SD = standard deviation; SGRQ = St. George’s Respiratory Questionnaire.