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. 2021 Dec 3;71(12):2414–2429. doi: 10.1136/gutjnl-2021-324725

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© Author(s) (or their employer(s)) 2022. Re-use permitted under CC BY-NC. No commercial re-use. See rights and permissions. Published by BMJ.

This is an open access article distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license, which permits others to distribute, remix, adapt, build upon this work non-commercially, and license their derivative works on different terms, provided the original work is properly cited, appropriate credit is given, any changes made indicated, and the use is non-commercial. See: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/.

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An increased neutrophil-related transcriptional signature coincides with the increase of clot remodelling-associated transcripts. RNA-sequencing was performed studying the transcriptome of healthy colon and wound tissue from three defined time points after wounding (6 hours, 24 hours, 48 hours after wounding, n = 3 wounds per time point). Expression was analysed as a fold-change in relation to the healthy state. An expression time course for each gene set (clot remodelling-related, neutrophil-related, myeloid cell-related, lymphocyte-related, fibroblast-related) is provided. The area between the minimal and maximal differentially expressed genes of each gene set is coloured. Additionally, the mean of each gene set and exemplary single gene time courses are depicted for the genes indicated. A heat map of the entire topic-related gene set studied is provided visualising the log₂ fold change in colour (increase in red, decrease in blue). (A) Expression of clot remodelling-related genes is most strongly increased 6 hours after wound infliction. (B) Neutrophil-related genes – among these Padi4 – are also most strongly increased 6 hours after wound infliction. (C) Expression of myeloid cell-related genes show a slower increase within the first day of healing peaking at 24–48 hours. (D) The profile of lymphocyte-related genes peaks at 48 hours after damage. (E) Expression of fibroblast-related genes shows only a moderate increase over time. (F) Summarised depiction of the expression profiles shown in (A)–(E) over time. Please appreciate the sequential dynamics of the designated profiles.