Table 4.

The bivariable and multivariable logistic regression analyses for factors associated with virological failure among first-line HAART at MTUTH in 2020.

Variables	Categories	Cases	Controls	COR (95% CI)	AOR (95% CI)	p-value
Sex	Male	76	54	1.85 (1.16, 2.95)	1.89 (1.04, 3.47)	0.038*
	Female	70	92	1	1
History of substance use	Yes	77	40	2.96 (1.79, 4.75)	2.67 (1.40, 4.95)	0.003*
	No	69	106	1	1
Chronic illnessa	Yes	40	12	4.21 (2.12, 8.51)	1.80 (0.61, 5.27)	0.28
	No	106	134	1	1
Baseline Hgb	<12	95	52	3.36 (1.80, 5.35)	3.22 (1.82, 5.99)	0.001*
	≥12	51	94	1	1
WHO staging at ART initiation	Stage 1	49	75	1	1
	Stage 2	55	41	2.05 (1.19, 3.53)	1.25 (0.63, 2.50)	0.52
	Stage 3	35	28	1.91 (1.03,3.53)	0.48 (1.91, 1.20)	0.11
	Stage 4	7	2	5.35 (1.07, 26.85)	0.44 (0.49, 4.08)	0.47
Opportunistic Infections through follow up	Yes	42	8	6.96 (3.07, 15.38)	4.73 (1.76, 12.11)	0.001*
	No	104	138	1	1
HIV status disclosure	Disclosed	65	58	1	1
	Not disclosed	81	88	1.22 (0.67–2.35)	0.98 (0.46–1.89)	0.33
Restart after interruption	Yes	27	7	4.50 (1.89, 10.71)	2.45 (1.69, 7.35)	0.001*
	No	119	139	1	1
ART drug adherence	Poor	29	8	4.27 (1.87, 6.87)	3.84 (1.77, 5.95)	0.002
	Good	117	138	1
Baseline opportunistic infections	Yes	41	13	3.99 (1.74–5.33)	2.05 (0.91–4.78)	0.007
	No	105	133	1

^aHypertension, heart failure, diabetes mellitus (DM), and chronic kidney disease (CKD).

^bBacterial pneumonia, tuberculosis (TB), Herpes zoster, and oral candidiasis, and the

^*symbol indicate the variables significant in multivariable analysis at p-value < 0.05.

Bold values indicates statistically significant variables in the multivariable regression analysis.