| NK cells |
Labelling NK cells |
MRI |
A magnetic nanocomposite including hyaluronic acid (HA), protamine (P), and ferumoxtol (F)35
|
| ROS |
OI |
Down-conversion nanoparticles (DCNPs) coated with a ROS-sensitive dye60
|
| Granzyme B |
OI |
Granzyme B-elicited chemiluminescence probes61
|
| Macrophages |
Labelling macrophages |
PETI |
64Cu-labelled polyglucose nanoparticles70
|
|
18F-labelled macrophages71
|
| MRI |
Mannose-modified iron oxide nanoparticles (IONPs)72
|
| OI |
Dextran modified by ICG75
|
| Aggregation-induced emission (AIE) molecules encapsulated in glucan particles81
|
| OI/MRI |
MARCO antibody-conjugated upconversion nanoparticles (UCNPs)36
|
| ROS |
OI |
NO imaging probes encapsulated in liposomes30
|
| Dendritic cell |
Labelling dendritic cells |
PETI |
The nanoprobe formed by PPa-conjugated short-chain PEG and FITC-modified Trp2 peptide antigens88
|
| T lymphocyte |
Labelling T lymphocyte |
PETI |
64Cu-labelled OVA-CTLs37
|
|
89Zr-PEGylated anti-CD8 VHH91
|
|
99mTc-labelled CD4 monoclonal antibodies93
|
| OI |
NIR fluorescent dye-labelled OX40 antibody for imaging T lymphocytes97
|
| OI/PETI |
NIR dye and 89Zr dual-labelled silica nanoparticles98
|
| Granzyme B |
PETI |
Granzyme B-cleavable peptide chain conjugated with a chelating agent containing 68Ga33
|
|
64Cu-chelated and membrane-anchored probes101
|
| OI |
NIR dye-conjugated peptide substrate of granzyme B29
|
| Semiconducting polymer (SP) conjugated with IR800-labelled granzyme B-cleavable peptides102
|
| Polymer-loaded peptide substrates simultaneously linked with fluorophores and quench groups103
|
| Granzyme B-responsive platform transformed from molecules to nanoparticles104
|
| O2˙−
|
OI |
The nanoprobe constructed with an O2˙−-activable chemiluminescence substrate, SP, and triblock polymer via a nano-precipitation method105
|
| Ca2+
|
CT/OI |
G5 PAMAM dendrimers loaded with the indicator of Ca2+and Au NPs108
|
| Tumor cells |
CTLA-4 |
PETI |
64Cu-labelled ipilimumab for specifically binding to CTLA-4 expressed in human non-small cell lung cancer cells110
|
| PD-L1 |
PETI |
64Cu-labelled αPD-L1 Fab incorporated with one UAA, p-azidophenylalanine (pAzF)112
|
|
68Ga-NOTA-Nb109 (a nonblocking single-domain antibody)48
|
| OI |
PD-L1 mAb connected with NIR-II fluorophores115
|
| PD-L1-functionalized ErNPs with NIR-IIb luminescence properties116
|
| NIR-II nanoprobe based on a boron-dipyrromethene (BDP) photosensitizer encapsulated in nanomicelles117
|
| Simultaneously labelling internal and external antigens for multispectral fluorescence imaging to track the programmed delivery of combined nanovaccines118
|
| Tracking immune vaccine |
— |
OI |
4-[18F]fluoro-1-naphthol ([18F]4FN)119
|
| Tracking specific cytokine markers |
High-energy free radicals |
PET/CT |
89Zr-anti-IFNγ122
|
| IFN |
PET |
|
