Table 1.
Basic characteristics of the included studies
| Study | Location (language) | Hoehn and Yahr grades | Age | Sample (male/female) | Intervention | Frequency | Duration (weeks) |
Intervention sites | Outcomes | ||
| C | E | C | E | ||||||||
| Dong, 202218 | Jiangsu, China (Chinese) | 1–3 | C: 63.07±12.78 E: 65.37±7.47 |
30 (16/14) |
27 (13/14) |
Drug therapy | Drug therapy+ Baduanjin |
30 min/session, one session/day, 7 days/week |
3 | Hospital | IDEEA gait, Balance-check balancer test |
| Shi, 202119 | Henan, China (Chinese) | Not reported | 60–75 | 64 (34/30) |
65 (34/31) |
Drug therapy+balance board training | Drug therapy+ Balance board training+Baduanjin |
60 min/session, one session/day, 4 days/week |
8 | Hospital | FMA-LE, 6MWD, UPDRS-III, BBS |
| Song, 202020 | Jiangsu, China (Chinese) | 1–3 | >65 | 60 (36/24) |
60 (32/28) |
Drug therapy+balance board training | Drug therapy+ Balance board training+Baduanjin |
20 min/session, one session/day, 5 days/week |
8 | Hospital | FMA-LE, 6MWD, UPDRS-III, BBS |
| Zhang, 202021 | Fuzhou, China (Chinese) | Not reported | 61–74 | 41 (26/15) |
42 (26/16) |
Drug therapy+balance board training | Drug therapy+ balance board training+Baduanjin |
30 min/session, one session/day, 7 days/week |
12 | Hospital | 6MWD, FIM |
| Zhou, 202022 | Changsha, China (Chinese) | Not reported | 60–86 | 39 (23/16) |
39 (22/17) |
Balance board training | Balance board training+Baduanjin | 20 min/session, 1–2 sessions/day, 5 days/week | 4 | Hospital | FMA-LE, 6MWD |
| Zhi, 202023 | Dalian, China (Chinese) | 1–2 | 45–65 | 15 (Not reported) |
15 (Not reported) |
Drug therapy | Drug therapy+ Baduanjin |
60 min/session, one session/day, 6 days/week |
12 | Hospital | UPDRS-III, TUGT, 10MWT |
| Wei, 201924 | Beijing, China (Chinese) | 1–3 | 32–78 | 22 (Not reported) |
28 (Not reported) |
Drug therapy+Health education | Drug therapy+Health education+Baduanjin | 60 min/session, one session/day, 7 days/week |
During hospitalisation (1–2 weeks) | Hospital | III |
| Yang, 201925 | Chongqing, China (Chinese) | Not reported | 45–82 | 50 (31/19) |
50 (30/20) |
Conventional treatment | Conventional treatment+Baduanjin | Not reported | 8 | Hospital/Home (after discharge) | BBS, Tinetti POMA |
| Xiao, 201626 | Beijing, China (English) | Not reported | 67.8±9.4 | 33 (not reported) |
35 (not reported) |
Conventional physical therapy | Conventional physical therapy+Baduanjin | 60 min/session, one session/day, 7 days/week |
24 | Not reported | BBS, TUGT, 6MWD, FOG, UPDRS-III |
| Xiao, 201527 | Beijing, China (English) | 1–3 | 55–80 | 44 (not reported) |
45 (not reported) |
Walking | Walking+Baduanjin | 60 min/session, one session/day, 4 days/week |
24 | Home | UPDRS-III, BBS, TUGT, 6WMD |
BBS, Berg Balance Scale; C, control group; E, experiment group (Baduanjin group); FIM, Functional Independence Measurement; FMA-LE, Fugl-Meyer Assessment of Lower Extremity; FOG, Freezing of Gait; IDEEA gait, Intelligent Device for Energy Expenditure and Activity gait; 6MWD, 6 min Walking Distance; 10MWT, 10 m Walk Test; POMA, Performance Oriented Mobility Assessment; Tinetti POMA, Tinetti Performance Oriented Mobility Assessment; TUGT, Timed Up and Go Test; UPDRS-III, Unified Parkinson’s Disease Rating Scale, Part III.