Table 2:

Studies organized by Phases of Care domains and key findings

Domain of Framework	Source	Key Findings
Pre-Operative	Imahara et. al. 2010	Homeless patients were more likely to have MRSA-associated surgically treated hand infection compared to non-MRSA-associated infections.
	Levin et. al. 2020	Of patients undergoing arteriovenous access creation, those with history of intravenous drug use were more likely to be homeless than those without this history.
	Mahure et. al. 2017	Among patients undergoing total knee arthroplasty, those who were homeless were more likely to be mono-infected or co-infected with HIV and/or HCV.
	Mahure et. al. 2018	Among patients undergoing total hip arthroplasty, homelessness was 14 times higher in those who were co-infected with HIV and HCV compared to controls.
	Nguyen et. al. 2019	After adjusting for confounding variables, homeless patients with facial fractures were more likely to require surgery for these fractures compared to housed patients.
	Skillman et. al. 2010	Twelve percent of individuals with drug and alcohol dependence treated for plastic surgery trauma were homeless.
	Thakarar et. al. 2019	People with injection drug use were more likely to be homeless but had similar rates of cardiac surgery.
Intra-Operative	Wong et. al. 2002	Of patients undergoing splenorenal shunt, 14.7% were homeless. Splenorenal shunt could be an ideal procedure for patients who have limited access to tertiary medical centers or have complex psychosocial needs.
Post-Operative	Arceo et. al. 2018	Homeless patients had increased utilization of the emergency department in post-operative period following ballistic and non-ballistic long bone lower extremity fracture surgery.
	Barshes et. al. 2016	Homelessness was associated with increased risk of treatment failure and amputation for foot osteomyelitis.
	Bennett et. al. 2017	Homeless patients in a VA healthcare system who underwent total joint arthroplasty had high rates of orthopedic and radiographic follow-up at three and six months with minimal complications and reoperations.
	Podymow et. al. 2016	Twelve percent of patients admitted to shelter-based convalescence were post-surgical patients. During admission, 60% of patients applied for housing and 24.3% received housing.
	Titan et. al. 2018	Homeless patients undergoing general, vascular, or orthopedic surgery were more likely to be readmitted. Discharge destination and recent alcohol abuse were significant risk factors for readmission in homeless cohort.
	Wasfy et. al. 2015	Homeless patients were more likely to be readmitted following PCI1 compared to housed patients.
	Wolfstadt et. al. 2019	Higher level of deprivation on the Ontario Marginalization Index was associated with increased risk of irrigation and debridement and amputation following open reduction and internal fixation for ankle fracture.
Overall Care Utilization	Balla et. al. 2020	Homeless patients were less likely to have surgical interventions (angiography, PCI1, CABG2) following myocardial infarction and had longer hospitalizations.
	Chang et. al. 2015	Patients who missed appointments for endoscopic procedures requiring anesthesia were more likely to be homeless
	Gabrielian et. al. 2014	Homeless veterans were less likely to pursue surgical visits compared to housed veterans.
	Hwang et. al. 2011	Homelessness was associated with increased cost of admission (driven by longer length of stay) for surgical admissions.
	Kay et. al. 2014	In orthopedic trauma patients, homelessness was associated with more emergency department visits and fewer clinic follow up visits after surgery. Homeless patients were more likely to receive non-operative treatment than housed patients.
	Kiwanuka et. al. 2019	Among burn patients, those who were homeless had longer lengths of stay and were less likely to receive surgical intervention compared to housed patients.
	Manzano-Nunez et. al. 2019	Homeless patients in Medicaid expansion states had lower odds of leaving against medical advice, were more likely receive home healthcare, and had lower total index hospital charges compared to those in non-Medicaid expansion states.
	Wadhera et. al. 2020	Homeless individuals hospitalized with acute myocardial infarction were significantly less likely to undergo coronary angiography, PCI1, and CABG2 compared to non-homeless adults and had higher mortality rates.

¹PCI = percutaneous coronary intervention

²CABG = coronary artery bypass grafting