Table 2. Cost-effectiveness of improving access to snake antivenom in ASEAN countries.
| Costs, USD | Deaths, n | DALYs | Incremental costs, USD | Deaths averted, n | DALYs averted | Incremental costs per Death averted, USD | Probability of being cost-saving* | Incremental costs per DALY averted, USD | Probability of being cost-saving* | WTP Threshold, USD per DALY averted | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Indonesia | |||||||||||
| Current access (reference) | 14,733 | 0.08 | 1.9 | ||||||||
| Full access | 7,035 | 0.03 | 0.8 | -7,698 | 0.04 | 1.1 | Cost-saving | 99.8% | Cost-saving | 100% | 4,136 |
| Philippines | |||||||||||
| Current access (reference) | 6,223 | 0.04 | 1.0 | ||||||||
| Full access | 1,536 | 0.01 | 0.2 | -4,687 | 0.03 | 0.8 | Cost-saving | 99.9% | Cost-saving | 99.9% | 2,317 |
| Vietnam | |||||||||||
| Current access (reference) | 5,733 | 0.04 | 0.9 | ||||||||
| Full access | 2,473 | 0.01 | 0.3 | -3,260 | 0.02 | 0.5 | Cost-saving | 99.9% | Cost-saving | 100% | 2,715 |
| Lao PDR | |||||||||||
| Current access (reference) | 5,620 | 0.07 | 1.7 | ||||||||
| Full access | 910 | 0.01 | 0.2 | -4,710 | 0.06 | 1.5 | Cost-saving | 100% | Cost-saving | 100% | 2,625 |
| Myanmar | |||||||||||
| Current access (reference) | 3,760 | 0.10 | 2.4 | ||||||||
| Full access | 2,390 | 0.05 | 1.2 | -1,370 | 0.05 | 1.2 | Cost-saving | 98.1% | Cost-saving | 98.1% | 1,421 |
*Percentage of 1,000 iterations that were cost-saving based on a probabilistic sensitivity analysis. Costs are presented as 2019 USD where 1 USD = 14,147.67 = Indonesian Rupees = 51.80 = Philippine Pesos = 23,050.24 Vietnamese Dong = 8,679.41 Lao Kip = 1,518.26 Myanmar Kyat. DALY–Disability-adjusted life year; USD–US Dollars; WTP–Willingness-to-pay.