Table 1. Demographic and clinical characteristics categorized by severity of COVID-19 infection.
| Characteristic | N | Asymptomatic (n = 6) | Mild/Moderate (n = 13) | Severe (n = 6) | Control (n = 5) | p-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Maternal age | 30 | 31.8 ± 7.1 | 34.3 ± 3.2 | 29.5 ± 5.4 | 33.8 ± 5.2 | 0.250 |
| Mean ± SD (Range) | (22–41) | (28–39) | (19–33) | (28–40) | ||
| Gestational age at delivery | 28 | 39.6 ± 0.9 | 39.3 ± 0.7 | 37.1 ± 5.3 | 38 ± 2.3 | 0.228 |
| Mean ± SD (Range) | (38.1–40.6) | (37.3–40.3) | (29.4–41.4) | (34.3–39.9) | ||
| Race/Ethnicity, n (%) | 30 | 0.018* | ||||
| Asian | 0 (0.0) | 3 (23.1) | 0 (0.0) | 1 (20.0) | ||
| Black | 1 (16.7) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | ||
| White | 1 (16.7) | 5 (38.5) | 1 (16.7) | 4 (80.0) | ||
| Hispanic | 2 (33.3) | 1 (7.7) | 5 (83.3) | 0 (0.0) | ||
| Other | 2 (33.3) | 4 (30.8) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | ||
| Maternal Comorbidities, n (%) | ||||||
| Obesity | 30 | 0 (0.0) | 2 (15.4) | 4 (66.7) | 0 (0.0) | 0.011* |
| Chronic HTN | 30 | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | N/A |
| Asthma | 30 | 0 (0.0) | 1 (7.7) | 1 (16.7) | 0 (0.0) | 0.621 |
| Anemia | 30 | 1 (16.7) | 1 (7.7) | 2 (33.3) | 1 (20.0) | 0.574 |
| Thyroid dysfunction | 30 | 1 (16.7) | 1 (7.7) | 1 (16.7) | 1 (20.0) | 0.881 |
| Infection other than COVID-19 | 30 | 3 (50.0) | 5 (38.5) | 3 (50.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0.280 |
| Obstetric Outcomes, n (%) | ||||||
| Gestational HTN | 30 | 0 (0.0) | 3 (23.1) | 2 (33.3) | 1 (20.0) | 0.523 |
| Pre-eclampsia | 30 | 0 (0.0) | 2 (15.4) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0.423 |
| Gestational diabetes | 30 | 0 (0.0) | 3 (23.1) | 2 (33.3) | 0 (0.0) | 0.286 |
| Trimester of Infection, n (%) | 25 | 0.062 | ||||
| First trimester | 0 (0.0) | 2 (15.4) | 0 (0.0) | N/A | ||
| Second trimester | 1 (16.7) | 9 (69.2) | 3 (50.0) | N/A | ||
| Third trimester | 5 (83.3) | 2 (15.4) | 3 (50.0) | N/A | ||
| COVID-19 Symptoms, n (%) | ||||||
| Cough | 25 | 0 (0.0) | 5 (38.5) | 5 (83.3) | N/A | 0.013* |
| Fever | 25 | 0 (0.0) | 1 (7.7) | 2 (33.3) | N/A | 0.163 |
| Shortness of breath | 25 | 0 (0.0) | 3 (23.1) | 6 (100.0) | N/A | 0.001** |
| Myalgia | 25 | 0 (0.0) | 5 (38.5) | 4 (66.7) | N/A | 0.053 |
| Headache | 25 | 0 (0.0) | 6 (46.2) | 0 (0.0) | N/A | 0.026* |
| Anosmia/ageusia | 25 | 0 (0.0) | 3 (23.1) | 0 (0.0) | N/A | 0.207 |
| Nasal congestion | 25 | 0 (0.0) | 8 (61.5) | 0 (0.0) | N/A | 0.004** |
Infection other than COVID-19 included: HIV, hepatitis C, herpes simplex virus, chlamydia trachomatis, allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis, group B strep and diagnosis of urinary tract infection or chorioamnionitis. Two participants did not deliver at UCLA, thus gestational age at delivery was only available for twenty-eight participants.
*p-value <0.05
**p-value <0.01.